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The task of detecting anomalous data patterns is as important in practical applications as challenging. In the context of spatial data, recognition of unexpected trajectories brings additional difficulties, such as high dimensionality and…

We study approximation of probability measures supported on $n$-dimensional manifolds embedded in $\mathbb{R}^m$ by injective flows -- neural networks composed of invertible flows and injective layers. We show that in general, injective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Michael Puthawala , Matti Lassas , Ivan Dokmanić , Maarten de Hoop

The future motion of traffic participants is inherently uncertain. To plan safely, therefore, an autonomous agent must take into account multiple possible trajectory outcomes and prioritize them. Recently, this problem has been addressed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Christoph Schöller , Alois Knoll

Estimating the expectation of a real-valued function of a random variable from sample data is a critical aspect of statistical analysis, with far-reaching implications in various applications. Current methodologies typically assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Paweł Lorek , Rafał Nowak , Rafał Topolnicki , Tomasz Trzciński , Maciej Zięba , Aleksandra Krystecka

The latent space of normalizing flows must be of the same dimensionality as their output space. This constraint presents a problem if we want to learn low-dimensional, semantically meaningful representations. Recent work has provided…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-17 Artur Bekasov , Iain Murray

Efficient gradient computation of the Jacobian determinant term is a core problem in many machine learning settings, and especially so in the normalizing flow framework. Most proposed flow models therefore either restrict to a function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 T. Anderson Keller , Jorn W. T. Peters , Priyank Jaini , Emiel Hoogeboom , Patrick Forré , Max Welling

Point cloud upsampling aims to generate dense point clouds from given sparse ones, which is a challenging task due to the irregular and unordered nature of point sets. To address this issue, we present a novel deep learning-based model,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Aihua Mao , Zihui Du , Junhui Hou , Yaqi Duan , Yong-jin Liu , Ying He

We present an alternative to reweighting techniques for modifying distributions to account for a desired change in an underlying conditional distribution, as is often needed to correct for mis-modelling in a simulated sample. We employ…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-01 Malte Algren , Tobias Golling , Manuel Guth , Chris Pollard , John Andrew Raine

Normalizing flows model complex probability distributions using maps obtained by composing invertible layers. Special linear layers such as masked and 1x1 convolutions play a key role in existing architectures because they increase…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Chenlin Meng , Linqi Zhou , Kristy Choi , Tri Dao , Stefano Ermon

We propose an algorithm for taming Normalizing Flow models - changing the probability that the model will produce a specific image or image category. We focus on Normalizing Flows because they can calculate the exact generation probability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Shimon Malnick , Shai Avidan , Ohad Fried

By chaining a sequence of differentiable invertible transformations, normalizing flows (NF) provide an expressive method of posterior approximation, exact density evaluation, and sampling. The trend in normalizing flow literature has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Robert Giaquinto , Arindam Banerjee

Machine Learning (ML) models in Robotic Assembly Sequence Planning (RASP) need to be introspective on the predicted solutions, i.e. whether they are feasible or not, to circumvent potential efficiency degradation. Previous works need both…

Normalizing flows (NFs) provide a powerful tool to construct an expressive distribution by a sequence of trackable transformations of a base distribution and form a probabilistic model of underlying data. Rotation, as an important quantity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Yulin Liu , Haoran Liu , Yingda Yin , Yang Wang , Baoquan Chen , He Wang

Real world data often lie on low-dimensional Riemannian manifolds embedded in high-dimensional spaces. This motivates learning degenerate normalizing flows that map between the ambient space and a low-dimensional latent space. However, if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hanlin Yu , Søren Hauberg , Marcelo Hartmann , Arto Klami , Georgios Arvanitidis

Conformal prediction provides a distribution-free framework for uncertainty quantification via prediction sets with exact finite-sample coverage. In low dimensions these sets are easy to interpret, but in high-dimensional or structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-08 Trevor Harris

Recently normalizing flows (NFs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on modeling 3D point clouds while allowing sampling with arbitrary resolution at inference time. However, these flow-based models still require long training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Janis Postels , Mengya Liu , Riccardo Spezialetti , Luc Van Gool , Federico Tombari

Normalizing flows and variational autoencoders are powerful generative models that can represent complicated density functions. However, they both impose constraints on the models: Normalizing flows use bijective transformations to model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Didrik Nielsen , Priyank Jaini , Emiel Hoogeboom , Ole Winther , Max Welling

Normalizing flows are deep generative models that enable efficient likelihood estimation and sampling through invertible transformations. A key challenge is to design linear layers that enhance expressiveness while maintaining efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xuchen Feng , Siyu Liao

Normalizing flows are a powerful tool for generative modelling, density estimation and posterior reconstruction in Bayesian inverse problems. In this paper, we introduce proximal residual flows, a new architecture of normalizing flows.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Johannes Hertrich

Normalizing Flows (NFs) describe a class of models that express a complex target distribution as the composition of a series of bijective transformations over a simpler base distribution. By limiting the space of candidate transformations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Keegan Kelly , Lorena Piedras , Sukrit Rao , David Roth
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