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Normalizing flows provide a general mechanism for defining expressive probability distributions, only requiring the specification of a (usually simple) base distribution and a series of bijective transformations. There has been much recent…

We present a computational framework for efficient learning, sampling, and distribution of general Bayesian posterior distributions. The framework leverages a machine learning approach for the construction of normalizing flows for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-10-10 Yukari Yamauchi , Landon Buskirk , Pablo Giuliani , Kyle Godbey

Generative flows are promising tractable models for density modeling that define probabilistic distributions with invertible transformations. However, tractability imposes architectural constraints on generative flows, making them less…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-23 Jianfei Chen , Cheng Lu , Biqi Chenli , Jun Zhu , Tian Tian

In many scientific applications, the target probability distribution cannot be evaluated in closed form or sampled from directly. Instead, it can often be decomposed into multiple components, some of which are accessible only through…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-10 Roxana Darvishi , David C. Stenning , Ted von Hippel , Owen G. Ward

We consider the problem of density estimation on Riemannian manifolds. Density estimation on manifolds has many applications in fluid-mechanics, optics and plasma physics and it appears often when dealing with angular variables (such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-10 Mevlana C. Gemici , Danilo Rezende , Shakir Mohamed

Normalizing flows are bijective mappings between inputs and latent representations with a fully factorized distribution. They are very attractive due to exact likelihood valuation and efficient sampling. However, their effective capacity is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Matej Grcić , Ivan Grubišić , Siniša Šegvić

Normalizing flows are a popular class of models for approximating probability distributions. However, their invertible nature limits their ability to model target distributions whose support have a complex topological structure, such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-25 Vincent Stimper , Bernhard Schölkopf , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Existing machine learning methods for causal inference usually estimate quantities expressed via the mean of potential outcomes (e.g., average treatment effect). However, such quantities do not capture the full information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Valentyn Melnychuk , Dennis Frauen , Stefan Feuerriegel

Modeling complex conditional distributions is critical in a variety of settings. Despite a long tradition of research into conditional density estimation, current methods employ either simple parametric forms or are difficult to learn in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-15 Brian L Trippe , Richard E Turner

Normalizing flows are a powerful technique for obtaining reparameterizable samples from complex multimodal distributions. Unfortunately, current approaches are only available for the most basic geometries and fall short when the underlying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-03 Luca Falorsi

Normalizing flows have shown great promise for modelling flexible probability distributions in a computationally tractable way. However, whilst data is often naturally described on Riemannian manifolds such as spheres, torii, and hyperbolic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-10 Emile Mathieu , Maximilian Nickel

A normalizing flow models a complex probability density as an invertible transformation of a simple base density. Flows based on either coupling or autoregressive transforms both offer exact density evaluation and sampling, but rely on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-03 Conor Durkan , Artur Bekasov , Iain Murray , George Papamakarios

Sampling from unnormalized densities is analogous to the generative modeling problem, but the target distribution is defined by a known energy function instead of data samples. Because evaluating the energy function is often costly, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Aaron Havens , Brian Karrer , Neta Shaul

Normalizing Flows are generative models that directly maximize the likelihood. Previously, the design of normalizing flows was largely constrained by the need for analytical invertibility. We overcome this constraint by a training procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Felix Draxler , Peter Sorrenson , Lea Zimmermann , Armand Rousselot , Ullrich Köthe

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are able to model complicated distributions p(y) with strong inter-dimensional correlations and high multimodality by transforming a simple base density p(z) through an invertible neural network under the change of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Christina Winkler , Daniel Worrall , Emiel Hoogeboom , Max Welling

Tuning of measurement models is challenging in real-world applications of sequential Monte Carlo methods. Recent advances in differentiable particle filters have led to various efforts to learn measurement models through neural networks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Xiongjie Chen , Yunpeng Li

Flow-based generative models are composed of invertible transformations between two random variables of the same dimension. Therefore, flow-based models cannot be adequately trained if the dimension of the data distribution does not match…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Hyeongju Kim , Hyeonseung Lee , Woo Hyun Kang , Joun Yeop Lee , Nam Soo Kim

Normalizing flows are a powerful tool to create flexible probability distributions with a wide range of potential applications in cosmology. Here we are studying normalizing flows which represent cosmological observables at field level,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-26 Adam Rouhiainen , Utkarsh Giri , Moritz Münchmeyer

Real-world data with underlying structure, such as pictures of faces, are hypothesized to lie on a low-dimensional manifold. This manifold hypothesis has motivated state-of-the-art generative algorithms that learn low-dimensional data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-28 Edmond Cunningham , Renos Zabounidis , Abhinav Agrawal , Madalina Fiterau , Daniel Sheldon

Explicit density learners are becoming an increasingly popular technique for generative models because of their ability to better model probability distributions. They have advantages over Generative Adversarial Networks due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Steven Walton , Valeriy Klyukin , Maksim Artemev , Denis Derkach , Nikita Orlov , Humphrey Shi