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Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks identify the websites visited over anonymized connections by analyzing patterns in network traffic flows, such as packet sizes, directions, or interval times using a machine learning classifier. Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Chuxu Song , Zining Fan , Hao Wang , Richard Martin

The escalating sophistication of phishing emails necessitates a shift beyond traditional rule-based and conventional machine-learning-based detectors. Although large language models (LLMs) offer strong natural language understanding, using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Abrar Hamed Al Barwani , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Raja Waseem Anwar

Phishing and spear-phishing are typical examples of masquerade attacks since trust is built up through impersonation for the attack to succeed. Given the prevalence of these attacks, considerable research has been conducted on these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Avisha Das , Shahryar Baki , Ayman El Aassal , Rakesh Verma , Arthur Dunbar

Targeted phishing emails are on the rise and facilitate the theft of billions of dollars from organizations a year. While malicious signals from attached files or malicious URLs in emails can be detected by conventional malware signatures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Younghoo Lee , Joshua Saxe , Richard Harang

The rise of hardware-level security threats, such as side-channel attacks, hardware Trojans, and firmware vulnerabilities, demands advanced detection mechanisms that are more intelligent and adaptive. Traditional methods often fall short in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Banafsheh Saber Latibari , Najmeh Nazari , Avesta Sasan , Houman Homayoun , Pratik Satam , Soheil Salehi , Hossein Sayadi

Phishing attacks remain a significant threat to modern cybersecurity, as they successfully deceive both humans and the defense mechanisms intended to protect them. Traditional detection systems primarily focus on email metadata that users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Even Eilertsen , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Gudmund Grov

Email phishing is one of the most prevalent and globally consequential vectors of cyber intrusion. As systems increasingly deploy Large Language Models (LLMs) applications, these systems face evolving phishing email threats that exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Najmul Hasan , Prashanth BusiReddyGari , Haitao Zhao , Yihao Ren , Jinsheng Xu , Shaohu Zhang

Enterprise security is increasingly being threatened by social engineering attacks, such as phishing, which deceive employees into giving access to enterprise data. To protect both the users themselves and enterprise data, more and more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Mithün Paul , Genevieve Bartlett , Jelena Mirkovic , Marjorie Freedman

While privacy-focused browsers have taken steps to block third-party cookies and mitigate browser fingerprinting, novel tracking techniques that can bypass existing countermeasures continue to emerge. Since trackers need to share…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Shaoor Munir , Patrick Lee , Umar Iqbal , Zubair Shafiq , Sandra Siby

Browser fingerprinting is an invasive and opaque stateless tracking technique. Browser vendors, academics, and standards bodies have long struggled to provide meaningful protections against browser fingerprinting that are both accurate and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Umar Iqbal , Steven Englehardt , Zubair Shafiq

Each and every organisation releases information in a variety of forms ranging from annual reports to legal proceedings. Such documents may contain sensitive information and releasing them openly may lead to the leakage of confidential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Roelien C. Timmer , David Liebowitz , Surya Nepal , Salil S. Kanhere

The proliferation of fake news and its propagation on social media has become a major concern due to its ability to create devastating impacts. Different machine learning approaches have been suggested to detect fake news. However, most of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Junaed Younus Khan , Md. Tawkat Islam Khondaker , Sadia Afroz , Gias Uddin , Anindya Iqbal

Online transaction fraud presents substantial challenges to businesses and consumers, risking significant financial losses. Conventional rule-based systems struggle to keep pace with evolving fraud tactics, leading to high false positive…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-02-20 Catayoun Azarm , Erman Acar , Mickey van Zeelt

Browser fingerprinting enables persistent cross-site user tracking via subtle techniques that often evade conventional defenses or cause website breakage when script-level blocking countermeasures are applied. Addressing these challenges…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Pouneh Nikkhah Bahrami , Dylan Cutler , Igor Bilogrevic

Machine learning based phishing website detectors (ML-PWD) are a critical part of today's anti-phishing solutions in operation. Unfortunately, ML-PWD are prone to adversarial evasions, evidenced by both academic studies and analyses of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Ying Yuan , Qingying Hao , Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Conti , Gang Wang

Web-based phishing accounts for over 90% of data breaches, and most web-browsers and security vendors rely on machine-learning (ML) models as mitigation. Despite this, links posted regularly on anti-phishing aggregators such as PhishTank…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Arthur Wong , Alsharif Abuadbba , Mahathir Almashor , Salil Kanhere

As malicious cyber threats become more sophisticated in breaching computer networks, the need for effective intrusion detection systems (IDSs) becomes crucial. Techniques such as Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) have been introduced to allow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Kyle Stein , Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

With the increasing number of cybersecurity threats, it becomes more difficult for researchers to skim through the security reports for malware analysis. There is a need to be able to extract highly relevant sentences without having to read…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Simra Shahid , Tanmay Singh , Yash Sharma , Kapil Sharma

The large-scale deployment of modern phishing attacks relies on the automatic exploitation of vulnerable websites in the wild, to maximize profit while hindering attack traceability, detection and blacklisting. To the best of our knowledge,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Igino Corona , Battista Biggio , Matteo Contini , Luca Piras , Roberto Corda , Mauro Mereu , Guido Mureddu , Davide Ariu , Fabio Roli

Malicious domains are increasingly common and pose a severe cybersecurity threat. Specifically, many types of current cyber attacks use URLs for attack communications (e.g., C\&C, phishing, and spear-phishing). Despite the continuous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Chen Hajaj , Nitay Hason , Nissim Harel , Amit Dvir