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This paper employs a Skellam process to represent real-time betting odds for English Premier League (EPL) soccer games. Given a matrix of market odds on all possible score outcomes, we estimate the expected scoring rates for each team. The…

Applications · Statistics 2017-04-03 Guanhao Feng , Nicholas G. Polson , Jianeng Xu

The June software package is an open-source framework for the detailed simulation of epidemics based on social interactions in a virtual population reflecting age, gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic indicators in England. In this paper,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-13 Kerem Akdogan , Lucas Heger , Andrew Iskauskas , Friedemann Neuhaus , Matthias Schott

In-game win probability models, which provide a sports team's likelihood of winning at each point in a game based on historical observations, are becoming increasingly popular. In baseball, basketball and American football, they have become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Pieter Robberechts , Jan Van Haaren , Jesse Davis

This paper investigates the fairness of the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying competition via Monte Carlo simulations. The qualifying probabilities are calculated for 102 nations, all teams except for African and European countries. A method…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-03-23 László Csató

The standard mixture modeling framework has been widely used to study heterogeneous populations, by modeling them as being composed of a finite number of homogeneous sub-populations. However, the standard mixture model assumes that each…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Emiliano Seri , Roberto Rocci , Thomas Brendan Murphy

The paper investigates the qualification for the UEFA Champions League, the most prestigious club competition in European football with respect to the theoretical property of strategy-proofness. We find that in three seasons (2015-16,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-04 László Csató

In this paper a new heuristic optimization algorithm has been introduced based on the performance of the major football leagues within each season in EU countries. The algorithm starts with an initial population including three different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-06-18 Erfan Khaji

In this paper, market values of the football players in the forward positions are estimated using multiple linear regression by including the physical and performance factors in 2017-2018 season. Players from 4 major leagues of Europe are…

Applications · Statistics 2018-07-04 Yunus Kologlu , Hasan Birinci , Sevde Ilgaz Kanalmaz , Burhan Ozyilmaz

In this work, we present a stochastic discrete-time SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) model adapted to describe the propagation of COVID-19 during a football tournament. Specifically, we are concerned about the re-start of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-15 Javier M. Buldú , Daniel R. Antequera , Jacobo Aguirre

Playing in the FIFA World Cup finals is an ambition shared by several nations. Since, besides luck and skill, the probability of qualification depends on the design of the qualifiers, the study of these competitions forms an integral part…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-11-08 László Csató

This paper describes a compound Poisson-based random effects structure for modeling zero-inflated data. Data with large proportion of zeros are found in many fields of applied statistics, for example in ecology when trying to model and…

Applications · Statistics 2009-07-29 Marie-Pierre Etienne , Eric Parent , Benoit Hugues , Bernier Jacques

The paper presents a plus-minus rating for use in association football (soccer). We first describe the standard plus-minus methodology as used in basketball and ice-hockey and then adapt it for use in soccer. The usual goal-differential…

Applications · Statistics 2017-06-16 Tarak Kharrat , Javier López Peña , Ian McHale

In soccer, game context can result in skewing offensive statistics in ways that might misrepresent how well a team has played. For instance, in England's 1-2 loss to France in the 2022 FIFA World Cup quarterfinal, England attempted…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-07 Andrey Skripnikov , Ahmet Cemek , David Gillman

Forecasting the number of Olympic medals for each nation is highly relevant for different stakeholders: Ex ante, sports betting companies can determine the odds while sponsors and media companies can allocate their resources to promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Christoph Schlembach , Sascha L. Schmidt , Dominik Schreyer , Linus Wunderlich

We propose a versatile joint regression framework for count responses. The method is implemented in the R add-on package GJRM and allows for modelling linear and non-linear dependence through the use of several copulae. Moreover, the…

Applications · Statistics 2019-08-22 Hendrik van der Wurp , Andreas Groll , Thomas Kneib , Giampiero Marra , Rosalba Radice

This paper presents a new framework for player valuation in European football, by fusing principles from financial mathematics and network theory. The valuation model leverages a "passing matrix" to encapsulate player interactions on the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-11 Albert Cohen , Jimmy Risk

Count data are common in medical research. When these data have more zeros than expected by the most used count distributions, it is common to employ a zero-inflated regression model. However, the interpretability of these models is much…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-30 Gustavo H. A. Pereira , Jeremias Leão , Manoel Santos-Neto , Jianwen Cai

A risk-neutral valuation framework is developed for pricing and hedging in-play football bets based on modelling scores by independent Poisson processes with constant intensities. The Fundamental Theorems of Asset Pricing are applied to…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2018-11-12 Sebastian del Bano Rollin , Zsolt Bihari , Tomaso Aste

In this research, we examine the capabilities of different mathematical models to accurately predict various levels of the English football pyramid. Existing work has largely focused on top-level play in European leagues; however, our work…

If the final position of a team is already secured independently of the outcomes of the remaining games in a round-robin tournament, it might play with little enthusiasm. This is detrimental to attendance and can inspire collusion and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-02-03 László Csató
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