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We study reinforcement learning (RL) in the agnostic policy learning setting, where the goal is to find a policy whose performance is competitive with the best policy in a given class of interest $\Pi$ -- crucially, without assuming that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Uri Sherman , Tomer Koren , Yishay Mansour

Safety is an essential requirement for reinforcement learning systems. The newly emerging framework of robust constrained Markov decision processes allows learning policies that satisfy long-term constraints while providing guarantees under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 David M. Bossens , Atsushi Nitanda

The book is structured into four main chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the foundational concepts of divergence measures, including the well-known Kullback-Leibler divergence and its limitations. It then presents a detailed exploration of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-04 Shinto Eguchi

In this work, we consider and analyze the sample complexity of model-free reinforcement learning with a generative model. Particularly, we analyze mirror descent value iteration (MDVI) by Geist et al. (2019) and Vieillard et al. (2020a),…

Density ratio estimation (DRE) is a fundamental machine learning technique for capturing relationships between two probability distributions. State-of-the-art DRE methods estimate the density ratio using neural networks trained with loss…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-18 Yoshiaki Kitazawa

We study the problem of model selection type aggregation with respect to the Kullback-Leibler divergence for various probabilistic models. Rather than considering a convex combination of the initial estimators $f_1, \ldots, f_N$, our…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-22 Cristina Butucea , Jean-François Delmas , Anne Dutfoy , Richard Fischer

Diffusion models (DMs) have recently gained significant interest for their exceptional potential in recommendation tasks. This stems primarily from their prominent capability in distilling, modeling, and generating comprehensive user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Ximing Chen , Pui Ieng Lei , Yijun Sheng , Yanyan Liu , Zhiguo Gong

Recently, adversarial imitation learning has shown a scalable reward acquisition method for inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problems. However, estimated reward signals often become uncertain and fail to train a reliable statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Dong-Sig Han , Hyunseo Kim , Hyundo Lee , Je-Hwan Ryu , Byoung-Tak Zhang

We consider online allocation problems with concave revenue functions and resource constraints, which are central problems in revenue management and online advertising. In these settings, requests arrive sequentially during a finite horizon…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-08 Haihao Lu , Santiago Balseiro , Vahab Mirrokni

In this paper, we examine the convergence of mirror descent in a class of stochastic optimization problems that are not necessarily convex (or even quasi-convex), and which we call variationally coherent. Since the standard technique of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-17 Zhengyuan Zhou , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Nicholas Bambos , Stephen Boyd , Peter Glynn

Variational inference (VI) is a popular approach in Bayesian inference, that looks for the best approximation of the posterior distribution within a parametric family, minimizing a loss that is typically the (reverse) Kullback-Leibler (KL)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-11 Tom Huix , Anna Korba , Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines

While deep neural networks are a highly successful model class, their large memory footprint puts considerable strain on energy consumption, communication bandwidth, and storage requirements. Consequently, model size reduction has become an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-02 Marton Havasi , Robert Peharz , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Mixtures of linear mixed models (MLMMs) are useful for clustering grouped data and can be estimated by likelihood maximization through the EM algorithm. The conventional approach to determining a suitable number of components is to compare…

Applications · Statistics 2014-05-26 Siew Li Tan , David J. Nott

The computation of the dominant eigenpair for symmetric positive semidefinite matrices is fundamental in numerical optimization. This work shifts the paradigm from the classical Rayleigh quotient to an unconstrained difference formulation,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Xiaozhi Liu , Mengmeng Song , Yong Xia

Based on the ideas of arXiv:1710.06612, we consider the problem of minimization of the Holder-continuous non-smooth functional $f$ with non-positive convex (generally, non-smooth) Lipschitz-continuous functional constraint. We propose some…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-03 Fedor Stonyakin , Alexey Stepanov , Alexander Gasnikov , Alexander Titov

Diffusion policies have achieved great success in online reinforcement learning (RL) due to their strong expressive capacity. However, the inference of diffusion policy models relies on a slow iterative sampling process, which limits their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Tianyi Chen , Haitong Ma , Na Li , Kai Wang , Bo Dai

Robustness to outliers is a central issue in real-world machine learning applications. While replacing a model to a heavy-tailed one (e.g., from Gaussian to Student-t) is a standard approach for robustification, it can only be applied to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-01 Futoshi Futami , Issei Sato , Masashi Sugiyama

Complex statistical models are often built by combining multiple submodels, called modules. Here we consider modular inference where the modules contain both parametric and nonparametric components. In such cases, standard Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Linda S. L. Tan , David J. Nott , David T. Frazier

Current approaches in approximate inference for Bayesian neural networks minimise the Kullback-Leibler divergence to approximate the true posterior over the weights. However, this approximation is without knowledge of the final application,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-11 Adam D. Cobb , Stephen J. Roberts , Yarin Gal

In this work, we develop a novel Bayesian estimation method for the Dirichlet process (DP) mixture of the inverted Dirichlet distributions, which has been shown to be very flexible for modeling vectors with positive elements. The recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Zhanyu Ma , Yuping Lai