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The large size and complex decision mechanisms of state-of-the-art text classifiers make it difficult for humans to understand their predictions, leading to a potential lack of trust by the users. These issues have led to the adoption of…

A common approach to quantifying neural text classifier interpretability is to calculate faithfulness metrics based on iteratively masking salient input tokens and measuring changes in the model prediction. We propose that this property is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Evan Crothers , Herna Viktor , Nathalie Japkowicz

Deep neural networks have been well-known for their superb handling of various machine learning and artificial intelligence tasks. However, due to their over-parameterized black-box nature, it is often difficult to understand the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Xuhong Li , Haoyi Xiong , Xingjian Li , Xuanyu Wu , Xiao Zhang , Ji Liu , Jiang Bian , Dejing Dou

Robustness verification that aims to formally certify the prediction behavior of neural networks has become an important tool for understanding model behavior and obtaining safety guarantees. However, previous methods can usually only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Zhouxing Shi , Huan Zhang , Kai-Wei Chang , Minlie Huang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

With the perpetual increase of complexity of the state-of-the-art deep neural networks, it becomes a more and more challenging task to maintain their interpretability. Our work aims to evaluate the effects of adversarial training utilized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Delyan Boychev

Neural networks are proven to be remarkably successful for classification and diagnosis in medical applications. However, the ambiguity in the decision-making process and the interpretability of the learned features is a matter of concern.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Ashkan Khakzar , Shadi Albarqouni , Nassir Navab

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a variety of post-hoc interpretations that aim to uncover how natural language processing (NLP) models make predictions. Despite the surge of new interpretation methods, it remains an open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Fan Yin , Zhouxing Shi , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Kai-Wei Chang

Interpretability methods are valuable only if their explanations faithfully describe the explained model. In this work, we consider neural networks whose predictions are invariant under a specific symmetry group. This includes popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jonathan Crabbé , Mihaela van der Schaar

Local model interpretation methods explain individual predictions by assigning an importance value to each input feature. This value is often determined by measuring the change in confidence when a feature is removed. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Eric Wallace , Shi Feng , Jordan Boyd-Graber

There has been increasing interest in evaluations of language models for a variety of risks and characteristics. Evaluations relying on natural language understanding for grading can often be performed at scale by using other language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Simon Lermen , Ondřej Kvapil

Being able to interpret, or explain, the predictions made by a machine learning model is of fundamental importance. This is especially true when there is interest in deploying data-driven models to make high-stakes decisions, e.g. in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 An-phi Nguyen , María Rodríguez Martínez

Language models based on the Transformer architecture achieve excellent results in many language-related tasks, such as text classification or sentiment analysis. However, despite the architecture of these models being well-defined, little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Miguel López-Otal , Jorge Gracia , Jordi Bernad , Carlos Bobed , Lucía Pitarch-Ballesteros , Emma Anglés-Herrero

Neural network models have achieved state-of-the-art performances in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, a long-standing criticism against neural network models is the lack of interpretability, which not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Xiaofei Sun , Diyi Yang , Xiaoya Li , Tianwei Zhang , Yuxian Meng , Han Qiu , Guoyin Wang , Eduard Hovy , Jiwei Li

The increasing adoption of machine learning tools has led to calls for accountability via model interpretability. But what does it mean for a machine learning model to be interpretable by humans, and how can this be assessed? We focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Dylan Slack , Sorelle A. Friedler , Carlos Scheidegger , Chitradeep Dutta Roy

With the proliferation of Deep Machine Learning into real-life applications, a particular property of this technology has been brought to attention: robustness Neural Networks notoriously present low robustness and can be highly sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Marco Casadio , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Verena Rieser , Matthew L. Daggitt , Daniel Kienitz , Luca Arnaboldi , Wen Kokke

Contrastive learning has proven to be an effective method for pre-training models using weakly labeled data in the vision domain. Sentence transformers are the NLP counterparts to this architecture, and have been growing in popularity due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Tanmay Chavan , Shantanu Patankar , Aditya Kane , Omkar Gokhale , Geetanjali Kale , Raviraj Joshi

Large pre-trained language models have shown remarkable performance over the past few years. These models, however, sometimes learn superficial features from the dataset and cannot generalize to the distributions that are dissimilar to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Jieyu Zhao , Xuezhi Wang , Yao Qin , Jilin Chen , Kai-Wei Chang

Interpretability is essential for machine learning models to be trusted and deployed in critical domains. However, existing methods for interpreting text models are often complex, lack mathematical foundations, and their performance is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Gianluigi Lopardo , Frederic Precioso , Damien Garreau

With the rise of deep neural networks, the challenge of explaining the predictions of these networks has become increasingly recognized. While many methods for explaining the decisions of deep neural networks exist, there is currently no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Ian E. Nielsen , Dimah Dera , Ghulam Rasool , Nidhal Bouaynaya , Ravi P. Ramachandran

Current machine learning models are evaluated through behavioral snapshots, with benchmark accuracies, win rates and outcome-based metrics. Model explanations and evaluations, however, are fundamentally intertwined: understanding why a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Isabelle Lee , Emmy Liu , Cathy Jiao , Brihi Joshi , Dani Yogatama , Fazl Barez , Michael Saxon
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