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Human society and natural environment form a complex giant ecosystem, where human activities not only lead to the change of environmental states, but also react to them. By using collective-risk social dilemma game, some studies have…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-04-24 Linjie Liu , Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki

Cooperation and competition coexist and coevolve in natural and social systems. Cooperation generates resources, which in turn, drive non-cooperative competition to secure individual shares. How this complex interplay between cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-03 Wenqiang Zhu , Xin Wang , Chaoqian Wang , Weijie Xing , Longzhao Liu , Hongwei Zheng , Jingwu Zhao , Shaoting Tang

Cooperative behaviors are deeply embedded in structured biological and social systems. Networks are often employed to portray pairwise interactions among individuals, where network nodes represent individuals and links indicate who…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-14 Jiachao Guo , Yao Meng , Aming Li

The Prisoner's dilemma is the main game theoretical framework in which the onset and maintainance of cooperation in biological populations is studied. In the spatial version of the model, we study the robustness of cooperation in…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 Mendeli H. Vainstein , Jeferson J. Arenzon

The evolution of cooperation is a central enigma in evolutionary game theory. Traditionally, the combination of pairwise networks and repeated Public Goods Games with a single state fails to adequately describe realistic group interaction…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-25 Nankun Wei , Xiaojin Xiong , Qin Li , Minyu Feng , Attila Szolnoki

Higher-order interactions are prevalent in real-world complex systems and exert unique influences on system evolution that cannot be captured by pairwise interactions. We incorporate game transitions into the higher-order prisoner's dilemma…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-06-25 Yi-Duo Chen , Zhi-Xi Wu , Jian-Yue Guan

Rewards and penalties are common practical tools that can be used to promote cooperation in social institutions. The evolution of cooperation under reward and punishment incentives in joint enterprises has been formalized and investigated,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-08-20 Tatsuya Sasaki

Many mathematical frameworks of evolutionary game dynamics assume that the total population size is constant and that selection affects only the relative frequency of strategies. Here, we consider evolutionary game dynamics in an extended…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-02-16 Alex McAvoy , Nicolas Fraiman , Christoph Hauert , John Wakeley , Martin A. Nowak

Understanding how biological organisms make decisions is of fundamental importance in understanding behavior. Such an understanding within evolutionary game theory so far has been sought by appealing to bounded rationality. Here, we present…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-16 Mohammad Salahshour

In a social dilemma game group members are allowed to decide if they contribute to the joint venture or not. As a consequence, defectors, who do not invest but only enjoy the mutual benefit, prevail and the system evolves onto the tragedy…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-10-06 Xiaojie Chen , Attila Szolnoki

Productive societies feature high levels of cooperation and strong connections between individuals. Public Goods Games (PGGs) are frequently used to study the development of social connections and cooperative behavior in model societies. In…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-07-21 Avi M. Shapiro , Elgar Pichler

The public goods game is a model of a society investing some assets and regaining a profit, although can also model biological populations. In the classic public goods game only two strategies compete: either cooperate or defect; a third…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-06-08 Gaspar Alfaro , Miguel A. F. Sanjuan

Continuously changing environments have a paramount role in the evolution of cooperative behavior. Previous works have shown that the transitions among different games, as the feedback between behaviors and environments, can promote…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-25 Yuji Zhang , Minyu Feng , Qin Li , Matjaz Perc , Attila Szolnoki

The evolution of cooperation among unrelated individuals in human and animal societies remains a challenging issue across disciplines. It is an important subject also in the evolutionary game theory to research how cooperation arises. The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-10-23 Norihito Toyota

Cooperation often depends on individuals avoiding exploitation and interacting preferentially with other cooperators. We explore how context-dependent migration influences the evolution of cooperation in spatially structured populations.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-03 Dhaker Kroumi

We have studied an evolutionary game with spatially arranged players who can choose one of the two strategies (named cooperation and defection for social dilemmas) when playing with their neighbors. In addition to the application of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-01-03 Gyorgy Szabo , Attila Szolnoki , Lilla Czako

The public goods game is one of the most famous models for studying the evolution of cooperation in sizable groups. The multiplication factor in this game can characterize the investment return from the public good, which may be variable…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-10-26 Xiaojie Chen , Yongkui Liu , Yonghui Zhou , Long Wang , Matjaz Perc

The prisoner's dilemma (PD) game is a simple model for understanding cooperative patterns in complex systems consisting of selfish individuals. Here, we study a PD game problem in scale-free networks containing hierarchically organized…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-19 C. -K. Yun , N. Masuda , B. Kahng

We study the effects of individual perceptions of payoffs in two-player games. In particular we consider the setting in which individuals' perceptions of the game are influenced by their previous experiences and outcomes. Accordingly, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Alberto Antonioni , Luis A. Martinez-Vaquero , Cole Mathis , Leto Peel , Massimo Stella

The emergence and prevalence of cooperative behavior within a group of selfish individuals remains a puzzle for \text{evolutionary game theory} precisely because it conflicts directly with the central idea of natural selection. Accordingly,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-29 Paulo Victor Santos Souza , Rafael Silva , Chris T. Bauch , Daniel Girardi