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Today, artificial intelligence systems driven by machine learning algorithms can be in a position to take important, and sometimes legally binding, decisions about our everyday lives. In many cases, however, these systems and their actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Kacper Sokol , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Peter Flach

Artificial Intelligence has gained a lot of traction in the recent years, with machine learning notably starting to see more applications across a varied range of fields. One specific machine learning application that is of interest to us…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Teodor Rares Begu

Machine learning (ML) models deployed in healthcare systems must face data drawn from continually evolving environments. However, researchers proposing such models typically evaluate them in a time-agnostic manner, splitting datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Helen Zhou , Yuwen Chen , Zachary C. Lipton

With large volumes of health care data comes the research area of computational phenotyping, making use of techniques such as machine learning to describe illnesses and other clinical concepts from the data itself. The "traditional"…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-30 Chris Hodapp

Synthetic datasets are important for evaluating and testing machine learning models. When evaluating real-life recommender systems, high-dimensional categorical (and sparse) datasets are often considered. Unfortunately, there are not many…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Miha Malenšek , Blaž Škrlj , Blaž Mramor , Jure Demšar

The use of machine learning to develop intelligent software tools for interpretation of radiology images has gained widespread attention in recent years. The development, deployment, and eventual adoption of these models in clinical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Viraj Kulkarni , Manish Gawali , Amit Kharat

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly envisioned as decision-support tools in clinical practice, yet safe clinical reasoning demands integrating heterogeneous knowledge bases -- trials, primary studies, regulatory documents, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Shan Chen , Pedro Moreira , Yuxin Xiao , Sam Schmidgall , Jeremy Warner , Hugo Aerts , Thomas Hartvigsen , Jack Gallifant , Danielle S. Bitterman

Clinical decision making (CDM) is a complex, dynamic process crucial to healthcare delivery, yet it remains a significant challenge for artificial intelligence systems. While Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have been tested on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jie Liu , Wenxuan Wang , Zizhan Ma , Guolin Huang , Yihang SU , Kao-Jung Chang , Wenting Chen , Haoliang Li , Linlin Shen , Michael Lyu

Foundation models are becoming valuable tools in medicine. Yet despite their promise, the best way to leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex medical tasks remains an open question. We introduce a novel multi-agent framework, named…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yubin Kim , Chanwoo Park , Hyewon Jeong , Yik Siu Chan , Xuhai Xu , Daniel McDuff , Hyeonhoon Lee , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Cynthia Breazeal , Hae Won Park

Interactive segmentation is a promising strategy for building robust, generalisable algorithms for volumetric medical image segmentation. However, inconsistent and clinically unrealistic evaluation hinders fair comparison and misrepresents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Parhom Esmaeili , Virginia Fernandez , Pedro Borges , Eli Gibson , Sebastien Ourselin , M. Jorge Cardoso

Despite the growing clinical adoption of large language models (LLMs), current approaches heavily rely on single model architectures. To overcome risks of obsolescence and rigid dependence on single model systems, we present a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Amit Kumthekar , Zion Tilley , Henry Duong , Bhargav Patel , Michael Magnoli , Ahmed Omar , Ahmed Nasser , Chaitanya Gharpure , Yevgen Reztzov

Recent advances in deep generative models have greatly expanded the potential to create realistic synthetic health datasets. These synthetic datasets aim to preserve the characteristics, patterns, and overall scientific conclusions derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Jennifer A Bartell , Sander Boisen Valentin , Anders Krogh , Henning Langberg , Martin Bøgsted

There is a growing need to understand how digital systems can support clinical decision-making, particularly as artificial intelligence (AI) models become increasingly complex and less human-interpretable. This complexity raises concerns…

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in medicine is crucial because medical applications require high accuracy with little room for error. Current medical benchmarks have three main types: medical exam-based, comprehensive medical, and…

Clinical guidelines, typically structured as decision trees, are central to evidence-based medical practice and critical for ensuring safe and accurate diagnostic decision-making. However, it remains unclear whether Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xiaomin Li , Mingye Gao , Yuexing Hao , Taoran Li , Guangya Wan , Zihan Wang , Yijun Wang

To effect behavior change a successful algorithm must make high-quality decisions in real-time. For example, a mobile health (mHealth) application designed to increase physical activity must make contextually relevant suggestions to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-31 Marianne Menictas , Sabina Tomkins , Susan A Murphy

Large language models (LLMs) show significant potential in healthcare, prompting numerous benchmarks to evaluate their capabilities. However, concerns persist regarding the reliability of these benchmarks, which often lack clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Wenting Chen , Guo Yu , Yiu-Fai Cheung , Meidan Ding , Jie Liu , Zizhan Ma , Wenxuan Wang , Linlin Shen

In this work, we introduce MedAgentSim, an open-source simulated clinical environment with doctor, patient, and measurement agents designed to evaluate and enhance LLM performance in dynamic diagnostic settings. Unlike prior approaches, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mohammad Almansoori , Komal Kumar , Hisham Cholakkal

Anatomical models of a medical robot's environment can significantly help guide design and development of a new robotic system. These models can be used for benchmarking motion planning algorithms, evaluating controllers, optimizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Inbar Fried , Janine Hoelscher , Jason A. Akulian , Ron Alterovitz

Clinical foundation models are evaluated with factual or exam-style medical QA, but treatment decisions must change when patient context changes. We introduce ClinPivot, an auditable treatment-decision benchmark built from biomedical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Dongkyu Cho , Miao Zhang , Rumi Chunara