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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) rely on inherent fluctuations in their internal parameters (weights and biases) to effectively navigate the complex optimization landscape and achieve robust performance. While these fluctuations are recognized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Darsh Pareek , Umesh Kumar , Ruthu Rao , Ravi Janjam

Recent experiments have shown that training trajectories of multiple deep neural networks with different architectures, optimization algorithms, hyper-parameter settings, and regularization methods evolve on a remarkably low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jialin Mao , Itay Griniasty , Yan Sun , Mark K. Transtrum , James P. Sethna , Pratik Chaudhari

An intriguing phenomenon observed during training neural networks is the spectral bias, which states that neural networks are biased towards learning less complex functions. The priority of learning functions with low complexity might be at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Yuan Cao , Zhiying Fang , Yue Wu , Ding-Xuan Zhou , Quanquan Gu

The Lipschitz bound, a technique from robust statistics, can limit the maximum changes in the output concerning the input, taking into account associated irrelevant biased factors. It is an efficient and provable method for examining the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Yaning Jia , Chunhui Zhang

For a given stable recurrent neural network (RNN) that is trained to perform a classification task using sequential inputs, we quantify explicit robustness bounds as a function of trainable weight matrices. The sequential inputs can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Guangyi Liu , Arash Amini , Martin Takac , Nader Motee

Training neural networks with batch normalization and weight decay has become a common practice in recent years. In this work, we show that their combined use may result in a surprising periodic behavior of optimization dynamics: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ekaterina Lobacheva , Maxim Kodryan , Nadezhda Chirkova , Andrey Malinin , Dmitry Vetrov

Deep learning has non-convex loss landscape and its optimization dynamics is hard to analyze or control. Nevertheless, the dynamics can be empirically convex-like across various tasks, models, optimizers, hyperparameters, etc. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhiqi Bu , Shiyun Xu , Jialin Mao

Measuring Efficiency in neural network system development is an open research problem. This paper presents an experimental framework to measure the training efficiency of a neural architecture. To demonstrate our approach, we analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Eduardo Cueto-Mendoza , John D. Kelleher

The learning dynamics of deep neural networks are subject to controversy. Using the information bottleneck (IB) theory separate fitting and compression phases have been put forward but have since been heavily debated. We approach learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Johannes Schneider

Deep neural networks are renowned for their ability to generalise well across diverse tasks, even when heavily overparameterized. Existing works offer only partial explanations (for example, the NTK-based task-model alignment explanation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Chris Mingard , Lukas Seier , Niclas Göring , Andrei-Vlad Badelita , Charles London , Ard Louis

Understanding the learning dynamics of neural networks is one of the key issues for the improvement of optimization algorithms as well as for the theoretical comprehension of why deep neural nets work so well today. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-18 Zhenyu Liao , Romain Couillet

Learning rate is a crucial parameter in training of neural networks. A properly tuned learning rate leads to faster training and higher test accuracy. In this paper, we propose a Lipschitz bandit-driven approach for tuning the learning rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Padma Priyanka , Sheetal Kalyani , Avhishek Chatterjee

Recent research in neural networks and machine learning suggests that using many more parameters than strictly required by the initial complexity of a regression problem can result in more accurate or faster-converging models -- contrary to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Arthur Castello B. de Oliveira , Milad Siami , Eduardo D. Sontag

Neural networks (NNs) are known to exhibit simplicity bias where they tend to prefer learning 'simple' features over more 'complex' ones, even when the latter may be more informative. Simplicity bias can lead to the model making biased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Bhavya Vasudeva , Kameron Shahabi , Vatsal Sharan

A longstanding goal in deep learning research has been to precisely characterize training and generalization. However, the often complex loss landscapes of neural networks have made a theory of learning dynamics elusive. In this work, we…

Deep learning systems achieve remarkable empirical performance, yet the stability of the training process itself remains poorly understood. Training unfolds as a high-dimensional dynamical system in which small perturbations to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhipeng Zhang , Zhenjie Yao , Kai Li , Lei Yang

Batch normalization (BN) is a popular and ubiquitous method in deep learning that has been shown to decrease training time and improve generalization performance of neural networks. Despite its success, BN is not theoretically well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Susanna Lange , Kyle Helfrich , Qiang Ye

We propose a novel regularization algorithm to train deep neural networks, in which data at training time is severely biased. Since a neural network efficiently learns data distribution, a network is likely to learn the bias information to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Byungju Kim , Hyunwoo Kim , Kyungsu Kim , Sungjin Kim , Junmo Kim

A crucial property for achieving secure, trustworthy and interpretable deep learning systems is their robustness: small changes to a system's inputs should not result in large changes to its outputs. Mathematically, this means one strives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Bernd Prach , Christoph H. Lampert

We examine the impact of learning Lipschitz continuous models in the context of model-based reinforcement learning. We provide a novel bound on multi-step prediction error of Lipschitz models where we quantify the error using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Kavosh Asadi , Dipendra Misra , Michael L. Littman