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Fast-response voltage regulation is essential for data-center Voltage Regulation Modules (VRMs) powering Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads, which exhibit both small-amplitude fluctuations and abrupt full-load steps. This paper…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Guanyu Qian , Haoxian Yan , Xiaofan Cui

During grid faults, grid-forming converters are typically suggested to switch from a voltage-source to a current-source mode to limit the current and protect the electronics. This transition has the potential for the converter to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-25 Youcefa Brahim Elkhalil , Nima Tashakor , Davood Keshavarzi , Ehsan Asadi , Stefan Goetz

The increasing use of power electronics converters to integrate renewable energy sources has been subject of concern due to the resonance oscillatory phenomena caused by their interaction with poorly damped AC networks. Early studies are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Luis Orellana , Luis Sainz , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

This work introduces a novel dispatchable current source virtual oscillator control (dCVOC) scheme for grid-following (GFL) converters, which exhibits duality with dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC) in two ways: a) the current…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Kehao Zhuang , Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Xiuqiang He , Verena Häberle , Florian Dörfler

Stability of power grids with synchronous generators (SGs) and renewable generation interfaced with grid-forming converters (GFCs) under dc-side current limitation is studied. To that end, we first consider a simple 2-bus test system and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-03 Sayan Samanta , Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri

The grid-following and grid-forming controls in voltage-source converters are considered as different operation modes and the synchronization mechanism of them are studied separately. In this article, the intrinsic relationships between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-08 Kaizhe Zhang

Recent research has shown that operating grid-connected converters using the grid-forming vector current control (GFVCC) scheme offers significant benefits, including the simplicity and modularity of the control architecture, as well as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Ognjen Stanojev , Orcun Karaca , Mario Schweizer

The power synchronization control (PSC) has been increasingly used with voltage-source converters (VSCs) connected to the weak ac grid. This paper presents an in-depth analysis on the transient stability of the PSC-VSC by means of the phase…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

Modern power systems increasingly demand converter-driven generation systems that integrate seamlessly with grid infrastructure. Grid-based converters are particularly advantageous, as they operate in harmony with conventional synchronous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-19 Somayeh Mehri Boroojeni , Ehsan Sharafoddin

A rapid deployment of renewable generation has led to significant reduction in the rotational system inertia and damping, thus making frequency control in power systems more challenging. This paper proposes a novel control scheme based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Ognjen Stanojev , Uros Markovic , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug , Duncan Callaway , Evangelos Vrettos

A grid-feeding converter system is added to a novel power system transient simulation scheme based on frequency response optimized integrators considering second order derivative. The converter system and its implementation in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-23 Sheng Lei , Alexander Flueck

This study examines the transient stability of low-inertia power systems with inverter-based generation (IBG) and proposes a sufficient stability criterion. In low-inertia grids, transient interactions are induced between the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Changjun He , Xiuqiang He , Hua Geng , Huadong Sun , Shiyun Xu

In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac voltage source converters (VSC) under unbalanced system conditions and unbalanced faults. To fully leverage the degrees of freedom of VSCs, we introduce the concept of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-31 Prajwal Bhagwat , Dominic Groß

Power systems are currently undergoing a rapid paradigm change in their operation. Centralised energy production is being replaced by a number of Distributed Generation (DG) units that are placed at different locations and voltage levels in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-28 Dionysios Moutevelis

Differing from synchronous generators, there are lack of physical laws governing the synchronization dynamics of voltage-source converters (VSCs). The widely used phase-locked loop (PLL) plays a critical role in maintaining the synchronism…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

This letter presents a comprehensive analysis of the stability phenomenon related to the ability of generators to remain in synchronism when subjected to small or large disturbances, in power systems with both synchronous machines and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist

This paper investigates a new method to model and control variable-frequency power converters in a switching-synchronized sampled-state space for cycle-by-cycle digital control. There are a number of significant benefits in comparison to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-13 Xiaofan Cui , Al-Thaddeus Avestruz

The energy transition is causing many stability-related challenges for power systems. Transient stability refers to the ability of a power grid's bus angles to retain synchronism after the occurrence of a major fault. In this paper a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Tim Aschenbruck , Willem Esterhuizen , Stefan Streif

The increasing share of converter based resources in power systems calls for scalable methods to analyse stability without relying on exhaustive system wide simulations. Decentralized small gain and small-phase criteria have recently been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Diego Cifelli , Adolfo Anta

The fundamental mechanism of transient stability of the conventional power system can be physically understood with the rotor swing dynamics of synchronous generators (SGs). The basic factor affecting the transient stability is the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-27 Xiuqiang He , Hua Geng