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In this work, we have built an experimental setup to simulate the clock noise transmission with two spacecrafts and two optical links, and further demonstrated the extraction of picometer level signal drowned by the large laser frequency…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-31 Mingyang Xu , Yujie Tan , Yurong Liang , Jiawen Zhi , Xiaoyang Guo , Dan Luo , Panpan Wang , Hanzhong Wu , Chenggang Shao

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna LISA represents the next frontier in gravitationalwave GW astronomy targeting the detection of millihertz gravitational signals Central to LISAs operation is the nanosecondprecision estimation of the light…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-28 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Martin Staab , Samuel P. Francis , Emily Rose Rees , Robert Spero , Gerhard Heinzel

Space-based gravitational wave detectors cannot keep rigid structures and precise arm length equality, so the precise equality of detector arms which is required in a ground-based interferometer to cancel the overwhelming laser noise is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-25 Chunyu Zhang , Qing Gao , Yungui Gong , Dicong Liang , Alan J. Weinstein , Chao Zhang

The LISA mission is the future space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory of the European Space Agency. It is formed by 3 spacecraft exchanging laser beams in order to form multiple real and virtual interferometers. The data streams to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-30 Dam Quang Nam , Yves Lemiere , Antoine Petiteau , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Joseph Martino , Martin Staab

Accurate and efficient modeling of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) response is crucial for gravitational-wave (GW) data analysis. A key computational challenge lies in evaluating time-delay interferometry (TDI) variables,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-15 Jorge Valencia , Sascha Husa

A crucial challenge to the ongoing endeavor of spaceborne gravitational wave (GW) detection resides in the laser phase noise, typically 7 to 8 orders of magnitude above the inevitable noise. The arm locking technique was proposed to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-07 Pan-Pan Wang , Wei-Liang Qian , Han-Zhong Wu , Yu-Jie Tan , Cheng-Gang Shao

The method of time delay interferometry (TDI) is proposed to cancel the laser noise in space-borne gravitational-wave detectors. Among all different TDI combinations, the most commonly used ones are the orthogonal channels A, E and T, where…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-09 Zheng-Cheng Liang , Zhi-Yuan Li , Jun Cheng , En-Kun Li , Jian-dong Zhang , Yi-Ming Hu

The proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission is tasked with the detection and characterization of gravitational waves from various sources in the universe. This endeavor is challenged by transient displacement and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-21 Niklas Houba , Luigi Ferraioli , Domenico Giardini

Interspacecraft ranging is crucial for the suppression of laser frequency noise via time-delay interferometry (TDI). So far, the effects of on-board delays and ambiguities on the LISA ranging observables were neglected in LISA modelling and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-17 Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Martin Staab , Kohei Yamamoto , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Aurélien Hees , Olaf Hartwig , Karsten Wiesner , Sweta Shah , Gerhard Heinzel

We previously showed how the measurements of some eighteen time series of relative frequency or phase shifts could be combined (1) to cancel the phase noise of the lasers, (2) to cancel the Doppler fluctuations due to non-inertial motions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Massimo Tinto , John W. Armstrong , Frank B. Estabrook

Cancellation of laser frequency noise in interferometers is crucial for attaining the requisite sensitivity of the triangular 3-spacecraft LISA configuration. Raw laser noise is several orders of magnitude above the other noises and thus it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 S. V. Dhurandhar , K. Rajesh Nayak , J-Y. Vinet

We present a study of the use and limits of the Time-Delay Interferometry null channels for in flight estimation of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna instrumental noise. The paper considers how the two main limiting noise sources,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-03 Martina Muratore , Olaf Hartwig , Daniele Vetrugno , Stefano Vitale , William Joseph Weber

In early 2024, ESA formally adopted the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) space mission with the aim of measuring gravitational waves emitted in the millihertz range. The constellation employs three spacecraft that exchange laser…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-15 Shivani Harer , Martin Staab , Hubert Halloin

Forthcoming space-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will employ second-generation time-delay interferometry (TDI) to suppress laser frequency noise and achieve the sensitivity required for GW detection. We introduce an inverse…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-04 Chunyu Zhang

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission aims to detect gravitational waves by interferometrically measuring the change of separation between free-falling test masses (TMs). LISA's interferometers must deliver pm/rtHz…

The current design of space-based gravitational wave detectors utilizes heterodyne laser interferometry in inter-satellite science measurements. Frequency variations of the heterodyne beatnotes are predominantly caused by the Doppler effect…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-19 Lu Zheng , Shutao Yang , Xuefeng Zhang

This paper presents a novel method for laser frequency stabilisation in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission by locking a laser to two stable length references - the arms of the interferometer and an on-board optical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-06 Jobin Thomas Valliyakalayil , Andrew J. H. Sutton , Robert E. Spero , Daniel A. Shaddock , Kirk McKenzie

LISA is a joint space mission of the NASA and the ESA for detecting low frequency gravitational waves in the band $10^{-5} - 1$ Hz. In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA, the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-12-18 S. V. Dhurandhar , J-Y. Vinet , K. Rajesh Nayak

Tilt-to-length (TTL) noise from angular jitter in LISA is projected to be the dominant noise source in the milli-Hertz band unless corrected in post-processing. The correction is only possible after removing the overwhelming laser phase…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-01 Daniel George , Jose Sanjuan , Paul Fulda , Guido Mueller

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a future space-based gravitational wave (GW) detector designed to be sensitive to sources radiating in the low frequency regime (0.1 mHz to 1 Hz). LISA's interferometer signals will be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-25 Sourath Ghosh , Josep Sanjuan , Guido Mueller