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Quantum based systems are a relatively new research area for that different modelling languages including process calculi are currently under development. Encodings are often used to compare process calculi. Quality criteria are used then…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Anna Schmitt , Kirstin Peters , Yuxin Deng

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ), variational quantum circuits (VQCs) have been widely applied in various domains, demonstrating the potential advantages of quantum circuits over classical models. Similar to classic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Jun Zhuang , Jack Cunningham , Chaowen Guan

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) play an essential role in the application of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The PQCs are a leading candidate to achieve a quantum advantage in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Joona V. Pankkonen , Matti Raasakka , Andrea Marchesin , Ilkka Tittonen

Hybrid quantum-classical systems make it possible to utilize existing quantum computers to their fullest extent. Within this framework, parameterized quantum circuits can be regarded as machine learning models with remarkable expressive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Marcello Benedetti , Erika Lloyd , Stefan Sack , Mattia Fiorentini

Generative quantum machine learning models are trained to deduce the probability distribution underlying a given dataset, and to produce new, synthetic samples from it. The majority of such models proposed in the literature, like the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Michael Krebsbach , Florentin Reiter , Thomas Wellens , Hagen-Henrik Kowalski , Ali Abedi

Learning tasks play an increasingly prominent role in quantum information and computation. They range from fundamental problems such as state discrimination and metrology over the framework of quantum probably approximately correct (PAC)…

Quantum machine learning uses principles from quantum mechanics to process data, offering potential advances in speed and performance. However, previous work has shown that these models are susceptible to attacks that manipulate input data…

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) play a pivotal role in addressing complex tasks within quantum machine learning, analogous to classical neural networks in deep learning. Ensuring consistent performance across diverse datasets is crucial for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Chenghong Zhu , Hongshun Yao , Yingjian Liu , Xin Wang

In machine learning, overparameterization is associated with qualitative changes in the empirical risk landscape, which can lead to more efficient training dynamics. For many parameterized models used in statistical learning, there exists a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Andrea Delgado , Francisco Rios , Kathleen E. Hamilton

Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) are essential to quantum machine learning and optimization algorithms. The expressibility of PQCs, which measures their ability to represent a wide range of quantum states, is a critical factor…

In recent proposals of quantum circuit models for generative tasks, the discussion about their performance has been limited to their ability to reproduce a known target distribution. For example, expressive model families such as Quantum…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as the leading strategy to obtain quantum advantage on the current noisy intermediate-scale devices. However, their entanglement-trainability correlation, as the major reason for the barren…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Shikun Zhang , Yang Zhou , Zheng Qin , Rui Li , Chunxiao Du , Zhisong Xiao , Yongyou Zhang

Understanding and improving generalization capabilities is crucial for both classical and quantum machine learning (QML). Recent studies have revealed shortcomings in current generalization theories, particularly those relying on uniform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Tak Hur , Daniel K. Park

Recent advancements in quantum computing (QC) and machine learning (ML) have garnered significant attention, leading to substantial efforts toward the development of quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms to address a variety of complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Samuel Yen-Chi Chen

In the absence of error correction, noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices are operated by training parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) so as to minimize a suitable loss function. Finding the optimal parameters of those circuits is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Iosif Sakos , Antonios Varvitsiotis , Georgios Korpas , Wayne Lin

Based on the linearity of quantum unitary operations, we propose a method that runs the parameterized quantum circuits before encoding the input data. This enables a dataset owner to train machine learning models on quantum cloud…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Guang Ping He

Quantum machine learning (QML) is the use of quantum computing for the computation of machine learning algorithms. With the prevalence and importance of classical data, a hybrid quantum-classical approach to QML is called for. Parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Daniel T. Chang

Quantum machine learning was recently applied to various applications and leads to results that are comparable or, in certain instances, superior to classical methods, in particular when few training data is available. These results warrant…

Machine learning is seen as a promising application of quantum computation. For near-term noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) have been proposed as machine learning models due to their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-13 Shuxiang Cao , Leonard Wossnig , Brian Vlastakis , Peter Leek , Edward Grant

In this work, our prime objective is to study the phenomena of quantum chaos and complexity in the machine learning dynamics of Quantum Neural Network (QNN). A Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) in the hybrid quantum-classical framework…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-04-16 Sayantan Choudhury , Ankan Dutta , Debisree Ray