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A dynamic graph algorithm is a data structure that answers queries about a property of the current graph while supporting graph modifications such as edge insertions and deletions. Prior work has shown strong conditional lower bounds for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Monika Henzinger , Ami Paz , A. R. Sricharan

Incorporating graphs in the analysis of multivariate signals is becoming a standard way to understand the interdependency of activity recorded at different sites. The new research frontier in this direction includes the important problem of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Keith Smith , Loukianos Spyrou , Javier Escudero

Graph homomorphism has been studied intensively. Given an m x m symmetric matrix A, the graph homomorphism function is defined as \[Z_A (G) = \sum_{f:V->[m]} \prod_{(u,v)\in E} A_{f(u),f(v)}, \] where G = (V,E) is any undirected graph. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-10-10 Jin-Yi Cai , Xi Chen , Pinyan Lu

The goal of this paper is the exact computation of the degrees $\text{deg}(f^n)$ of the iterates of birational maps $f: \mathbb{P}^N \dashrightarrow \mathbb{P}^N$. In the preceding companion paper, a new method has been proposed based on…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-07-25 Jaume Alonso , Yuri B. Suris , Kangning Wei

Graphical models represent multivariate and generally not normalized probability distributions. Computing the normalization factor, called the partition function, is the main inference challenge relevant to multiple statistical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Michael Chertkov , Vladimir Chernyak , Yury Maximov

For a graph $G=(V,E)$, its exact-distance square, $G^{[\sharp 2]}$, is the graph with vertex set $V$ and with an edge between vertices $x$ and $y$ if and only if $x$ and $y$ have distance (exactly) $2$ in $G$. The graph $G$ is an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-03 Yandong Bai , Pedro P. Cortés , Reza Naserasr , Daniel A. Quiroz

The characteristic polynomial for a chain of dipole-dipole coupled two-level atoms with nearest-neighbour and next-nearest-neighbour interactions is developed for the study of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for single-photon excitations. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-10 C. J. Mewton , Z. Ficek

Associated to a graph $G$ is a set $\mathcal{S}(G)$ of all real-valued symmetric matrices whose off-diagonal entries are nonzero precisely when the corresponding vertices of the graph are adjacent, and the diagonal entries are free to be…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Mohammad Adm , Shaun Fallat , Karen Meagher , Shahla Nasserasr , Sarah Plosker , Boting Yang

In this article, we focus on the characteristic polynomial of a graph containingloops, but without multiple edges. We present a relationship between thecharacteristic polynomial of a graph with loops and the graph obtained byremoving all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Deepa Sinha , Bableen Kaur , Thomas Zaslavsky

This article deals with homomorphisms of oriented graphs with respect to push equivalence. Here homomorphisms refer to arc preserving vertex mappings, and push equivalence refers to the equivalence class of orientations of a graph $G$ those…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-28 Tapas Das , Pavan P D , Sagnik Sen , S Taruni

The stable set polytope of a graph $G$, denoted as STAB($G$), is the convex hull of all the incidence vectors of stable sets of $G$. To describe a linear system which defines STAB($G$) seems to be a difficult task in the general case. In…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-05-01 Raffaele Mosca

Motivated by Dohmen-P\"onitz-Tittmann's bivariate chromatic polynomial $\chi_G(x,y)$, which counts all $x$-colorings of a graph $G$ such that adjacent vertices get different colors if they are $\le y$, we introduce a bivarate version of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Matthias Beck , Maryam Farahmand , Gina Karunaratne , Sandra Zuniga Ruiz

Let $G$ be a finite simple graph and $B \subseteq V(G)$. We introduce the \emph{bivariate $B$-restricted clique polynomial} \[ C_B(G;x,y) = \sum_{\substack{K \subseteq V \\ K \text{ is a clique}}} x^{|K|} y^{|K \cap B|}, \] where the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Hossein Teimoori Faal

Let $\mathcal{P}$ be a graph property. A $\mathcal{P}$-coloring with at most $k$ colors is a coloring of the vertices of a simple graph $G$ such that each color class induces a graph in $\mathcal{P}$. Harary polynomials are generalizations…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Johann A. Makowsky

A mixed extension of a graph $G$ is a graph $H$ obtained from $G$ by replacing each vertex of $G$ by a clique or a coclique, whilst two vertices in $H$ corresponding to distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ of $G$ are adjacent whenever $x$ and $y$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Willem H. Haemers , Sezer Sorgun , Hatice Topcu

Unlabeled multigraphs have diverse applications across scientific fields, from transportation and social networks to polymer physics. In particular, multigraphs are essential for studying the relationship between the spatial organization…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-21 Andrea Bonato

For a graph $G$, Bolognini et al. have shown $J_{G}$ is strongly unmixed $\Rightarrow$ $J_{G}$ is Cohen-Macaulay $\Rightarrow$ $G$ is accessible, where $J_{G}$ denotes the binomial edge ideals of $G$. Accessible and strongly unmixed…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-03-10 Kamalesh Saha , Indranath Sengupta

Classical Gon\v{c}arov polynomials are polynomials which interpolate derivatives. Delta Gon\v{c}arov polynomials are polynomials which interpolate delta operators, e.g., forward and backward difference operators. We extend fundamental…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-07 Rudolph Lorentz , Salvatore Tringali , Catherine H. Yan

Let $H$ be a graph on $h$ vertices. The number of induced copies of $H$ in a graph $G$ is denoted by $i_H(G)$. Let $i_H(n)$ denote the maximum of $i_H(G)$ taken over all graphs $G$ with $n$ vertices. Let $f(n,h) = \Pi_{i}^h a_i$ where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-16 Raphael Yuster

We give new characterizations for the class of uniformly dense matroids and study applications of these characterizations to graphic and real representable matroids. We show that a matroid is uniformly dense if and only if its base polytope…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Karel Devriendt , Raffaella Mulas
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