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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made significant strides in static image understanding but continue to face critical hurdles in spatiotemporal reasoning. A major bottleneck is "multi-image reasoning hallucination", where a massive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoda Yang , Shuai Yang , Can Wang , Jingyang Xue , Menglan Tang , Checheng Yu , Xunzhe Zhou , Sashuai Zhou , Tao Jin , Lixin Yang , Xiangyu Yue , Zhou Zhao

Common-sense physical reasoning is an essential ingredient for any intelligent agent operating in the real-world. For example, it can be used to simulate the environment, or to infer the state of parts of the world that are currently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Michael Chang , Klaus Greff , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently shown strong generalization, with some approaches seeking to explicitly generate linguistic reasoning traces or predict future observations prior to execution. However, explicit reasoning…

Inspired by human categorization, object property reasoning involves identifying and recognizing low-level details and higher-level abstractions. While current visual question answering (VQA) studies consider multiple object properties,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Abhishek Kolari , Mohammadhossein Khojasteh , Yifan Jiang , Floris den Hengst , Filip Ilievski

Physical reasoning requires forward prediction: the ability to forecast what will happen next given some initial world state. We study the performance of state-of-the-art forward-prediction models in the complex physical-reasoning tasks of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Rohit Girdhar , Laura Gustafson , Aaron Adcock , Laurens van der Maaten

Spatial reasoning in large-scale 3D environments such as warehouses remains a significant challenge for vision-language systems due to scene clutter, occlusions, and the need for precise spatial understanding. Existing models often struggle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tanner Muturi , Blessing Agyei Kyem , Joshua Kofi Asamoah , Neema Jakisa Owor , Richard Dyzinela , Andrews Danyo , Yaw Adu-Gyamfi , Armstrong Aboah

Spatial cognition is essential for human intelligence, enabling problem-solving through visual simulations rather than solely relying on verbal reasoning. However, existing AI benchmarks primarily assess verbal reasoning, neglecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Linjie Li , Mahtab Bigverdi , Jiawei Gu , Zixian Ma , Yinuo Yang , Ziang Li , Yejin Choi , Ranjay Krishna

The integration of language and 3D perception is critical for embodied AI and robotic systems to perceive, understand, and interact with the physical world. Spatial reasoning, a key capability for understanding spatial relationships between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Jiaxin Huang , Ziwen Li , Hanlve Zhang , Runnan Chen , Xiao He , Yandong Guo , Wenping Wang , Tongliang Liu , Mingming Gong

Spatial expressions in situated communication can be ambiguous, as their meanings vary depending on the frames of reference (FoR) adopted by speakers and listeners. While spatial language understanding and reasoning by vision-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Zheyuan Zhang , Fengyuan Hu , Jayjun Lee , Freda Shi , Parisa Kordjamshidi , Joyce Chai , Ziqiao Ma

How can pretrained language models (PLMs) learn factual knowledge from the training set? We investigate the two most important mechanisms: reasoning and memorization. Prior work has attempted to quantify the number of facts PLMs learn, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Nora Kassner , Benno Krojer , Hinrich Schütze

Humans are able to perceive, understand and reason about causal events. Developing models with similar physical and causal understanding capabilities is a long-standing goal of artificial intelligence. As a step towards this direction, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Tayfun Ates , M. Samil Atesoglu , Cagatay Yigit , Ilker Kesen , Mert Kobas , Erkut Erdem , Aykut Erdem , Tilbe Goksun , Deniz Yuret

Recent advances in reasoning-centric language models have highlighted reinforcement learning (RL) as a promising method for aligning models with verifiable rewards. However, it remains contentious whether RL truly expands a model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Mingjie Liu , Shizhe Diao , Ximing Lu , Jian Hu , Xin Dong , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz , Yi Dong

In this paper, we conduct a thorough investigation into the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), focusing specifically on the Open Pretrained Transformers (OPT) models as a representative of such models. Our study entails…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Badr AlKhamissi , Siddharth Verma , Ping Yu , Zhijing Jin , Asli Celikyilmaz , Mona Diab

Spatial relations are a basic part of human cognition. However, they are expressed in natural language in a variety of ways, and previous work has suggested that current vision-and-language models (VLMs) struggle to capture relational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Fangyu Liu , Guy Emerson , Nigel Collier

Navigating the complexities of physics reasoning has long been a difficult task for Large Language Models (LLMs), requiring a synthesis of profound conceptual understanding and adept problem-solving techniques. In this study, we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Nifu Dan , Yujun Cai , Yiwei Wang

Prompt-based probing has been widely used in evaluating the abilities of pretrained language models (PLMs). Unfortunately, recent studies have discovered such an evaluation may be inaccurate, inconsistent and unreliable. Furthermore, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Boxi Cao , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Fangchao Liu , Le Sun

Pretrained Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated ability to perform numerical reasoning by extrapolating from a few examples in few-shot settings. However, the extent to which this extrapolation relies on robust reasoning is unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Yasaman Razeghi , Robert L. Logan , Matt Gardner , Sameer Singh

A critical gap exists between the general-purpose visual understanding of state-of-the-art physical AI models and the specialized perceptual demands of structured real-world deployment environments. We present PRISM, a 270K-sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Amirreza Rouhi , Parikshit Sakurikar , Satya Sai Reddy , Narsimha Menga , Anirudh Govil , Sri Harsha Chittajallu , Rajat Aggarwal , Anoop Namboodiri , Sashi Reddi

When primed with only a handful of training samples, very large, pretrained language models such as GPT-3 have shown competitive results when compared to fully-supervised, fine-tuned, large, pretrained language models. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Yao Lu , Max Bartolo , Alastair Moore , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp

We propose Perceptual Taxonomy, a structured process of scene understanding that first recognizes objects and their spatial configurations, then infers task-relevant properties such as material, affordance, function, and physical attributes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Jonathan Lee , Xingrui Wang , Jiawei Peng , Luoxin Ye , Zehan Zheng , Tiezheng Zhang , Tao Wang , Wufei Ma , Siyi Chen , Yu-Cheng Chou , Prakhar Kaushik , Alan Yuille