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As contemporary quantum computers do not possess error correction, any calculation performed by these devices can be considered an involuntary approximation. To solve a problem on a quantum annealer, it has to be expressed as an instance of…

Many applications in automated auditing and the analysis and consistency check of financial documents can be formulated in part as the subset sum problem: Given a set of numbers and a target sum, find the subset of numbers that sums up to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-07 David Biesner , Thore Gerlach , Christian Bauckhage , Bernd Kliem , Rafet Sifa

This paper explores the application of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models in solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) through Quantum Annealing algorithms and Graph Neural Networks. Quantum Annealing (QA), a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Haoqi He

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems are prevalent in real-world applications, such as portfolio optimization, but pose significant computational challenges for large-scale instances. We propose a hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-06 Soumyadip Das , Suman Kumar Roy , Rahul Rana , M Girish Chandra

Mission planning often involves optimising the use of ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) assets in order to achieve a set of mission objectives within allowed parameters subject to constraints. The missions of interest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Ethan Davies , Pranav Kalidindi

Variational quantum circuits for image classification suffer from barren plateaus, while quantum kernel methods scale quadratically with dataset size. We propose an iterative framework based on Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Mostafa Atallah , Rebekah Herrman

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and Quantum Annealing are prominent approaches for solving combinatorial optimization problems, such as those formulated as Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO). These…

We show that the NP-hard quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem on a graph $G$ can be solved using an adiabatic quantum computer that implements an Ising spin-1/2 Hamiltonian, by reduction through minor-embedding of $G$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-16 Vicky Choi

The D-Wave quantum annealing machine can quickly find the optimal solution for quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO). One of the applications where the use of quantum annealing is desired is in problems requiring rapid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Reo Shikanai , Masayuki Ohzeki , Kazuyuki Tanaka

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) sits at the heart of many industries and academic fields such as logistics, supply chain, finance, pharmaceutical science, chemistry, IT, and energy sectors, among others. These problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Chia-Tso Lai , Carsten Blank , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

Current hardware limitations restrict the potential when solving quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) or quantum annealing (QA). Thus, we consider training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-30 Thomas Gabor , Sebastian Feld , Hila Safi , Thomy Phan , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

This paper presents a generalization of a method allowing the transformation of the Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem (ECDLP) over prime fields to the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem. The original method…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Łukasz Dzierzkowski

Recent hardware advances in quantum and quantum-inspired annealers promise substantial speedup for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems compared to general-purpose computers. These special-purpose hardware are built for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-06 Avradip Mandal , Arnab Roy , Sarvagya Upadhyay , Hayato Ushijima-Mwesigwa

There is growing interest in solving computer vision problems such as mesh or point set alignment using Adiabatic Quantum Computing (AQC). Unfortunately, modern experimental AQC devices such as D-Wave only support Quadratic Unconstrained…

Ising machines, including quantum annealing machines, are promising next-generation computers for combinatorial optimization problems. However, due to hardware limitations, most Ising-type hardware can only solve objective functions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-29 Kazuki Ikeuchi , Yoshiki Matsuda , Shu Tanaka

The Closest String Problem is an NP-complete problem which appears more commonly in bioinformatics and coding theory. Less surprisingly, classical approaches have been pursued with two prominent algorithms being the genetic algorithm and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-20 Chandeepa Dissanayake

Due to the expected disparity in quantum vs. classical clock speeds, quantum advantage for branch and bound algorithms is more likely achievable in settings involving large search trees and low operator evaluation costs. Therefore, in this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Thomas Häner , Kyle E. C. Booth , Sima E. Borujeni , Elton Yechao Zhu

Quantum annealing technologies aim to solve computational optimization and sampling problems. QPU (Quantum Processing Unit) machines such as the D-Wave system use the QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) formula to define…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-28 Toufan D. Tambunan , Andriyan B. Suksmono , Ian J. M. Edward , Rahmat Mulyawan

A black-box optimization algorithm such as Bayesian optimization finds extremum of an unknown function by alternating inference of the underlying function and optimization of an acquisition function. In a high-dimensional space, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-03 Syun Izawa , Koki Kitai , Shu Tanaka , Ryo Tamura , Koji Tsuda

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a general-purpose modeling framework for combinatorial optimization problems and is a requirement for quantum annealers. This paper utilizes the eigenvalue decomposition of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis