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Recent work by Jarrett et al. attempts to frame the problem of offline imitation learning (IL) as one of learning a joint energy-based model, with the hope of out-performing standard behavioral cloning. We suggest that notational issues…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Gokul Swamy , Sanjiban Choudhury , J. Andrew Bagnell , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Imitation learning (IL) is a paradigm for learning sequential decision making policies from experts, leveraging offline demonstrations, interactive annotations, or both. Recent advances show that when annotation cost is tallied per…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-14 Yichen Li , Chicheng Zhang

Imitation learning practitioners have often noted that conditioning policies on previous actions leads to a dramatic divergence between "held out" error and performance of the learner in situ. Interactive approaches can provably address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Jonathan Spencer , Sanjiban Choudhury , Arun Venkatraman , Brian Ziebart , J. Andrew Bagnell

This work aims to tackle a major challenge in offline Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL), namely the reward extrapolation error, where the learned reward function may fail to explain the task correctly and misguide the agent in unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Sheng Yue , Guanbo Wang , Wei Shao , Zhaofeng Zhang , Sen Lin , Ju Ren , Junshan Zhang

Imitation learning (IL) is notably effective for robotic tasks where directly programming behaviors or defining optimal control costs is challenging. In this work, we address a scenario where the imitator relies solely on observed behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Rishabh Agrawal , Nathan Dahlin , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar

A fundamental challenge in imitation learning is the \emph{covariate shift} problem. Existing methods to mitigate covariate shift often require additional expert interactions, access to environment dynamics, or complex adversarial training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Macheng Shen , Jishen Peng , Zefang Huang

Imitation Learning (IL) techniques aim to replicate human behaviors in specific tasks. While IL has gained prominence due to its effectiveness and efficiency, traditional methods often focus on datasets collected from experts to produce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Mathieu Petitbois , Rémy Portelas , Sylvain Lamprier , Ludovic Denoyer

Standard imitation learning can fail when the expert demonstrators have different sensory inputs than the imitating agent. This is because partial observability gives rise to hidden confounders in the causal graph. In previous work, to work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Risto Vuorio , Pim de Haan , Johann Brehmer , Hanno Ackermann , Daniel Dijkman , Taco Cohen

In offline imitation learning (IL), we generally assume only a handful of expert trajectories and a supplementary offline dataset from suboptimal behaviors to learn the expert policy. While it is now common to minimize the divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Hee-Jun Ahn , Seong-Woong Shim , Byung-Jun Lee

We study Imitation Learning (IL) from Observations alone (ILFO) in large-scale MDPs. While most IL algorithms rely on an expert to directly provide actions to the learner, in this setting the expert only supplies sequences of observations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Wen Sun , Anirudh Vemula , Byron Boots , J. Andrew Bagnell

One of the key challenges of Reinforcement Learning (RL) is the ability of agents to generalise their learned policy to unseen settings. Moreover, training RL agents requires large numbers of interactions with the environment. Motivated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Alain Andres , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht , Javier Del Ser

In mobile manipulation (MM), robots can both navigate within and interact with their environment and are thus able to complete many more tasks than robots only capable of navigation or manipulation. In this work, we explore how to apply…

Imitation learning is a primary approach to improve the efficiency of reinforcement learning by exploiting the expert demonstrations. However, in many real scenarios, obtaining expert demonstrations could be extremely expensive or even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Kun-Peng Ning , Hu Xu , Kun Zhu , Sheng-Jun Huang

Imitation learning (IL) consists of a set of tools that leverage expert demonstrations to quickly learn policies. However, if the expert is suboptimal, IL can yield policies with inferior performance compared to reinforcement learning (RL).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Ching-An Cheng , Xinyan Yan , Nolan Wagener , Byron Boots

Interactive Imitation Learning (IIL) typically relies on extensive human involvement for both offline demonstration and online interaction. Prior work primarily focuses on reducing human effort in passive monitoring rather than active…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Chengjie Zhang , Chao Tang , Wenlong Dong , Dehao Huang , Aoxiang Gu , Hong Zhang

Sidewalk micromobility is a promising solution for last-mile transportation, but current learning-based control methods struggle in complex urban environments. Imitation learning (IL) learns policies from human demonstrations, yet its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Honglin He , Yukai Ma , Brad Squicciarini , Wayne Wu , Bolei Zhou

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) optimizes the policy on a previously collected dataset without any interactions with the environment, yet usually suffers from the distributional shift problem. To mitigate this issue, a typical solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Qisen Yang , Shenzhi Wang , Qihang Zhang , Gao Huang , Shiji Song

Imitation Learning (IL) is an important paradigm within the broader reinforcement learning (RL) methodology. Unlike most of RL, it does not assume availability of reward-feedback. Reward inference and shaping are known to be difficult and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Rishabh Agrawal , Nathan Dahlin , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar

Offline reinforcement learning struggles with distributional shift and constrained performance due to static dataset limitations, while online RL demands prohibitive environment interactions. The recent advent of hybrid offline-to-online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qisai Liu , Zhanhong Jiang , Joshua Russell Waite , Aditya Balu , Cody Fleming , Soumik Sarkar

In many real-world settings, an agent must learn to act in environments where no reward signal can be specified, but a set of expert demonstrations is available. Imitation learning (IL) is a popular framework for learning policies from such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Risto Vuorio , Mattie Fellows , Cong Lu , Clémence Grislain , Shimon Whiteson