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Deep generative models have emerged as a transformative tool in medical imaging, offering substantial potential for synthetic data generation. However, recent empirical studies highlight a critical vulnerability: these models can memorize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Antonio Scardace , Lemuel Puglisi , Francesco Guarnera , Sebastiano Battiato , Daniele Ravì

Machine learning models exhibit two seemingly contradictory phenomena: training data memorization, and various forms of forgetting. In memorization, models overfit specific training examples and become susceptible to privacy attacks. In…

We introduce intra-class memorability, where certain images within the same class are more memorable than others despite shared category characteristics. To investigate what features make one object instance more memorable than others, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jie Jing , Yongjian Huang , Serena J. -W. Wang , Shuangpeng Han , Lucia Schiatti , Yen-Ling Kuo , Qing Lin , Mengmi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, yet they also exhibit memorization of their training data. This phenomenon raises critical questions about model behavior, privacy risks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Alexander Xiong , Xuandong Zhao , Aneesh Pappu , Dawn Song

Large-scale text-to-image diffusion models excel in generating high-quality images from textual inputs, yet concerns arise as research indicates their tendency to memorize and replicate training data, raising We also addressed the issue of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Ruchika Chavhan , Ondrej Bohdal , Yongshuo Zong , Da Li , Timothy Hospedales

Deep learning models have a propensity for fitting the entire training set even with random labels, which requires memorization of every training sample. In this paper, we explore the memorization effect in adversarial training (AT) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yinpeng Dong , Ke Xu , Xiao Yang , Tianyu Pang , Zhijie Deng , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

As with many machine learning problems, the progress of image generation methods hinges on good evaluation metrics. One of the most popular is the Frechet Inception Distance (FID). FID estimates the distance between a distribution of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Sadeep Jayasumana , Srikumar Ramalingam , Andreas Veit , Daniel Glasner , Ayan Chakrabarti , Sanjiv Kumar

Large language models (LMs) have been shown to memorize parts of their training data, and when prompted appropriately, they will emit the memorized training data verbatim. This is undesirable because memorization violates privacy (exposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Nicholas Carlini , Daphne Ippolito , Matthew Jagielski , Katherine Lee , Florian Tramer , Chiyuan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language processing but are prone to memorizing portions of their training data, which can compromise evaluation metrics, raise privacy concerns, and limit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Eduardo Slonski

Which generative model is the most suitable for Continual Learning? This paper aims at evaluating and comparing generative models on disjoint sequential image generation tasks. We investigate how several models learn and forget, considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Timothée Lesort , Hugo Caselles-Dupré , Michael Garcia-Ortiz , Andrei Stoian , David Filliat

Image memorability, i.e., how likely an image is to be remembered, has traditionally been studied in computer vision either as a passive prediction task, with models regressing a scalar score, or with generative methods altering the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Francesco Laiti , Davide Talon , Jacopo Staiano , Elisa Ricci

Training data leakage from Large Language Models (LLMs) raises serious concerns related to privacy, security, and copyright compliance. A central challenge in assessing this risk is distinguishing genuine memorization of training data from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Trishita Tiwari , Ari Trachtenberg , G. Edward Suh

Generative adversarial network (GAN) continues to be a popular research direction due to its high generation quality. It is observed that many state-of-the-art GANs generate samples that are more similar to the training set than a holdout…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Andrew Bai , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Wendy Kan , Hsuan-Tien Lin

The availability of large-scale datasets, advanced architectures, and powerful computational resources have led to effective code models that automate diverse software engineering activities. The datasets usually consist of billions of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Zhou Yang , Zhipeng Zhao , Chenyu Wang , Jieke Shi , Dongsun Kim , DongGyun Han , David Lo

Large Language Models (LLMs), trained on massive corpora with billions of parameters, show unprecedented performance in various fields. Though surprised by their excellent performances, researchers also noticed some special behaviors of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Bowen Chen , Namgi Han , Yusuke Miyao

State of the art deep generative networks are capable of producing images with such incredible realism that they can be suspected of memorizing training images. It is why it is not uncommon to include visualizations of training set nearest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Ryan Webster , Julien Rabin , Loic Simon , Frederic Jurie

The success of modern neural networks has prompted study of the connection between memorisation and generalisation: overparameterised models generalise well, despite being able to perfectly fit (memorise) completely random labels. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Michal Lukasik , Vaishnavh Nagarajan , Ankit Singh Rawat , Aditya Krishna Menon , Sanjiv Kumar

Overfitting is a phenomenon that occurs when a machine learning model is trained for too long and focused too much on the exact fitness of the training samples to the provided training labels and cannot keep track of the predictive rules…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Nuri Korhan , Samet Bayram

Despite the empirical advances of deep learning across a variety of learning tasks, our theoretical understanding of its success is still very restricted. One of the key challenges is the overparametrized nature of modern models, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Gregor Bachmann , Lorenzo Noci , Thomas Hofmann

We propose an approach to address two issues that commonly occur during training of unsupervised GANs. First, since GANs use only a continuous latent distribution to embed multiple classes or clusters of data, they often do not correctly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Youngjin Kim , Minjung Kim , Gunhee Kim