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This is an informal introduction to the concept of reflexive polyhedra and some of their most important applications in perturbative and non-perturbative string physics. Following the historical development, topics like mirror symmetry,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Harald Skarke

Tilings of the plane resemble the simplicial and other complexes from algebraic topology, but have not been studied from this perspective. We construct finite categories corresponding to polygons with labeled directed edges, and introduce…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Catherine DiLeo , Preston Sessoms , Brandon T. Shapiro

In this short note, we construct an example of spiraling conformal geodesic in Euclidean signature in dimension $3$, answering the question posed by Helmuth Friedrich and Paul Tod, if such objects exists. Our example is not real analytic,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Wojciech Kamiński

Spiral arms are the defining features of broad morphological classes of disc galaxies, but their nature and influence on galaxy evolution is still under debate. A key diagnostic for their nature is the spiral arm pattern speed: the radial…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-22 Robert J. J. Grand , Martin Roth

Reviewing Piaget's psychology of reasoning by the mathematical educators of the Federal Republic of Germany late in the 1960th the concept of grouping has been understood similar to a mathematical structure. Possibly to consider empirical…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-04-07 Hans Joachim Burscheid , Horst Struve

We describe a system for the automatic quantification of structure in spiral galaxies. This enables translation of sky survey images into data needed to help address fundamental astrophysical questions such as the origin of spiral…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-06-04 Darren Davis , Wayne Hayes

While topological materials are not restricted to crystals, there is no efficient method to diagnose topology in non-crystalline solids such as amorphous materials. Here we introduce the structural spillage, a new indicator that predicts…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Daniel Muñoz-Segovia , Paul Corbae , Dániel Varjas , Frances Hellman , Sinéad M. Griffin , Adolfo G. Grushin

I developed an efficient numerical method for obtaining the gravitational potential of razor-thin spiral perturbations and used it to assess the standard tight-winding approximation, which is found to be reasonably accurate for pitch angles…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-22 Walter Dehnen

An aperiodic tile set was first constructed by R.Berger while proving the undecidability of the domino problem. It turned out that aperiodic tile sets appear in many topics ranging from logic (the Entscheidungsproblem) to physics…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-01-27 Bruno Durand , Andrei Romashchenko , Alexander Shen

In the last 30 years, the mathematical theory of aperiodic order has developed enormously. Many new tilings and properties have been discovered, few of which are covered or anticipated by the early papers and books. Here, we start from the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-01-29 Michael Baake , Franz Gähler , Jan Mazáč

We investigate the dynamics of spin glasses from the `rheological' point of view, in which aging is suppressed by the action of small, non-conservative forces. The different features can be expressed in terms of the scaling of relaxation…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Ludovic Berthier , Jean-Louis Barrat , Jorge Kurchan

This is an analysis of some aspects of an old but still controversial topic, superluminal quantum tunneling. Some features of quantum tunneling described in literature, such as definition of the tunneling time and a frequency range of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-15 Moses Fayngold

Automated decision systems are increasingly used for consequential decision making -- for a variety of reasons. These systems often rely on sophisticated yet opaque models, which do not (or hardly) allow for understanding how or why a given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jakob Schoeffer , Yvette Machowski , Niklas Kuehl

Despite recent advances in the field of explainable artificial intelligence systems, a concrete quantitative measure for evaluating the usability of such systems is nonexistent. Ensuring the success of an explanatory interface in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Byung Hyung Kim , Seunghun Koh , Sejoon Huh , Sungho Jo , Sunghee Choi

We present experimental measurements on the spontaneous formation of compact spiral structures in vertically-vibrated granular chains. Under weak vibration, when the chain is quasi two-dimensional and self-avoiding, spiral structures emerge…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 R. E. Ecke , Z. A. Daya , M. K. Rivera , E. Ben-Naim

It is quite exceptional, if it ever happens, that a new conceptual domain be built from scratch. Usually, it is developed and mastered in interaction, both positive and negative, with other more operational existing domains. Few reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Antoine Cornuéjols , Andrée Tiberghien , Gérard Collet

In the past two decades, psychological science has experienced an unprecedented replicability crisis which uncovered several issues. Among others, statistical inference is too often viewed as an isolated procedure limited to the analysis of…

Spirals in galaxies have long been thought to be caused by gravitational instability in the stellar component of the disk, but discerning the precise mechanism had proved elusive. Tidal interactions, and perhaps bars, may provoke some…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-28 J. A. Sellwood , Karen L. Masters

The Galaxy Zoo has provided morphological data on many galaxies. Several biases have been identified in the Galaxy Zoo data. Here we report on a newly discovered selection effect: astronomers interested in studying spiral galaxies may…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-01-29 Tianrui , Peng , John Edward English , Pedro Silva , Darren R. Davis , Wayne B. Hayes

The linear birefringence of uniaxial crystal plates is known since the 17th century, and it is widely used in numerous optical setups and devices. Here we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, a fine lateral circular…