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There has been intensive research on increasing the utility and performance of Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) in the past couple of years. Owing to this research, there are now several inductive biases available to a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Ankit Kulshrestha , Sarvagya Upadhyay

Application-specific quantum computers offer the most efficient means to tackle problems intractable by classical computers. Realizing these architectures necessitates a deep understanding of quantum circuit properties and their…

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) stand as a prominent strategy for constructing quantum machine learning models. These models comprise both a quantum and a classical component.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-01 Lucas Friedrich , Jonas Maziero

The current generation of quantum computing technologies call for quantum algorithms that require a limited number of qubits and quantum gates, and which are robust against errors. A suitable design approach are variational circuits where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Maria Schuld , Alex Bocharov , Krysta Svore , Nathan Wiebe

An important application for near-term quantum computing lies in optimization tasks, with applications ranging from quantum chemistry and drug discovery to machine learning. In many settings --- most prominently in so-called parametrized or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Maria Schuld , Ville Bergholm , Christian Gogolin , Josh Izaac , Nathan Killoran

Variational Quantum Algorithms have emerged as a leading paradigm for near-term quantum computation. In such algorithms, a parameterized quantum circuit is controlled via a classical optimization method that seeks to minimize a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Javier Rivera-Dean , Patrick Huembeli , Antonio Acín , Joseph Bowles

Parameterised quantum circuits (PQCs) hold great promise for demonstrating quantum advantages in practical applications of quantum computation. Examples of successful applications include the variational quantum eigensolver, the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Xin Hong , Wei-Jia Huang , Wei-Chen Chien , Yuan Feng , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Sanjiang Li , Mingsheng Ying

Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for quantum machine learning in the NISQ era. While parameter sharing in VQCs can reduce the parameter space dimensionality and potentially mitigate the barren plateau…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Gerhard Stenzel , Tobias Rohe , Michael Kölle , Leo Sünkel , Jonas Stein , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Benchmarks that concisely summarize the performance of many-qubit quantum computers are essential for measuring progress towards the goal of useful quantum computation. In this work, we present a benchmarking framework that is based on…

Optical quantum circuits can be optimized using gradient descent methods, as the gates in a circuit can be parametrized by continuous parameters. However, the parameter space as seen by the cost function is not Euclidean, which means that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Yuan Yao , Pierre Cussenot , Richard A. Wolf , Filippo M. Miatto

The Quantum Natural Gradient (QNG) method enhances optimization in variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) by incorporating geometric insights from the quantum state space through the Fubini-Study metric. In this work, we extend QNG by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-06 Mourad Halla

In recent years, neural networks (NNs) have driven significant advances in machine learning. However, as tasks grow more complex, NNs often require large numbers of trainable parameters, which increases computational and energy demands.…

In the field of quantum machine learning (QML), parametrized quantum circuits (PQCs) -- constructed using a combination of fixed and tunable quantum gates -- provide a promising hybrid framework for tackling complex machine learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-19 Grier M. Jones , Viki Kumar Prasad , Ulrich Fekl , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a promising algorithm for demonstrating quantum advantage in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. However, optimizing VQE from random initial starting parameters is challenging due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-20 Abid Khan , Bryan K. Clark , Norm M. Tubman

The variational quantum eigensolver is a hybrid algorithm composed of quantum state driving and classical parameter optimization, for finding the ground state of a given Hamiltonian. The natural gradient method is an optimization method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-12 Naoki Yamamoto

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have emerged as a foundational element in the development and applications of quantum algorithms. However, when initialized with random parameter values, PQCs often exhibit barren plateaus (BP). These…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Muhammad Kashif , Muhammad Rashid , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muhammad Shafique

Parametrized quantum optical circuits are a class of quantum circuits in which the carriers of quantum information are photons and the gates are optical transformations. Classically optimizing these circuits is challenging due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-02 Filippo M. Miatto , Nicolás Quesada

Quantum Variational Circuits (QVCs) are often claimed as one of the most potent uses of both near term and long term quantum hardware. The standard approaches to optimizing these circuits rely on a classical system to compute the new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-11 Owen Lockwood

Variational training of parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) underpins many workflows employed on near-term noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. It is a hybrid quantum-classical approach that minimizes an associated cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-10 Kathleen E. Hamilton , Emily Lynn , Raphael C. Pooser

Parameterized quantum circuits play an essential role in the performance of many variational hybrid quantum-classical (HQC) algorithms. One challenge in implementing such algorithms is to choose an effective circuit that well represents the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-15 Sukin Sim , Peter D. Johnson , Alan Aspuru-Guzik