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We prove a quantitative reverse isoperimetric inequality for embedded surfaces with Willmore energy bounded away from $8\pi$. We use this result to analyze the negative $L^2$ gradient flow of the Willmore energy plus a positive multiple of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-09-28 Simon Blatt

While there are various results on the long-time behavior of the Willmore flow, the Helfrich flow with non-zero spontaneous curvature as its natural generalization is not yet well-understood. Past results for the gradient flow of a locally…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-04-22 Manuel Schlierf

In this paper we study the steepest descent $L^2$-gradient flow of the functional $\SW_{\lambda_1,\lambda_2}$, which is the the sum of the Willmore energy, $\lambda_1$-weighted surface area, and $\lambda_2$-weighted enclosed volume, for…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-01-24 James McCoy , Glen Wheeler

For a hypersurface in ${\mathbb R}^3$, Willmore flow is defined as the $L^2$--gradient flow of the classical Willmore energy: the integral of the squared mean curvature. This geometric evolution law is of interest in differential geometry,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-06 John W. Barrett , Harald Garcke , Robert Nürnberg

We establish a minimal positive existence time of the parametric Willmore flow for any smooth initial data (smooth immersion of a closed oriented surface). The minimal existence time is a function exclusively of geometric data which in…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Francesco Palmurella , Tristan Rivière

The free elastic flow is the $L^2$-gradient flow for Euler's elastic energy, or equivalently the Willmore flow with translation invariant initial data. In contrast to elastic flows under length penalisation or preservation, it is more…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Tatsuya Miura , Glen Wheeler

Very little is yet known regarding the Willmore flow of surfaces with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We consider surfaces with a rotational symmetry as initial data and prove a global existence and convergence result for solutions of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Manuel Schlierf

We consider the Willmore flow equation for complete, properly immersed surfaces in Rn. Given bounded geometry on the initial surface, we extend the result by Kuwert and Sch\"atzle in 2002 and prove short time existence and uniqueness of the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-01-25 Long-Sin Li

This work investigates the formation of singularities under the steepest descent $L^2$-gradient flow of the functional $\mathcal W_{\lambda_1, \lambda_2}$, the sum of the Willmore energy, $\lambda_1$ times the area, and $\lambda_2$ times…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-07-06 Simon Blatt

We consider regular open curves in R^n with fixed boundary points and moving according to the L^{2}-gradient flow for a generalisation of the Helfrich functional. Natural boundary conditions are imposed along the evolution. More precisely,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-02-05 Anna Dall'Acqua , Paola Pozzi

We consider a closed surface in $\mathbb{R}^3$ evolving by the volume-preserving Willmore flow and prove a lower bound for the existence time of smooth solutions. For spherical initial surfaces with Willmore energy below $8\pi$ we show long…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Fabian Rupp

We study long-time existence and asymptotic behavior for the $L^2$-gradient flow of the Willmore energy, under the condition that the initial datum is a torus of revolution. We show that if an initial datum has Willmore energy below $8\pi$…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Anna Dall'Acqua , Marius Müller , Reiner Schätzle , Adrian Spener

We consider closed curves in the hyperbolic space moving by the $L^2$-gradient flow of the elastic energy and prove well-posedness and long time existence. Under the additional penalisation of the length we show subconvergence to critical…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-10-27 Anna Dall'Acqua , Adrian Spener

We show that the concept of $H^2$-gradient flow for the Willmore energy and other functionals that depend at most quadratically on the second fundamental form is well-defined in the space of immersions of Sobolev class $W^{2,p}$ from a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-21 Henrik Schumacher

We consider the surface diffusion and Willmore flows acting on a general class of (possibly non-compact) hypersurfaces parameterized over a uniformly regular reference manifold possessing a tubular neighborhood with uniform radius. The…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-01-03 Jeremy LeCrone , Yuanzhen Shao , Gieri Simonett

Instead of investigating the Willmore flow for two-dimensional, closed immersed surfaces directly we turn to its inversion. We give a lower bound on the lifespan of this inverse Willmore flow, depending on the concentration of curvature in…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-09-02 Martin Mayer

We study the Willmore flow for graphs over a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with Dirichlet (clamped) boundary conditions, a still little-studied setting that also serves as a prototype for higher-order flows with fixed boundary data. We…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Boris Gulyak

We investigate the gradient flow of the $L^2$ norm of the Riemannian curvature on surfaces. We show long time existence with arbitrary initial data, and exponential convergence of the volume normalized flow to a constant scalar curvature…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-08-26 Jeffrey Streets

In this article, the author investigates flow lines of the classical Willmore flow, which start to move in a smooth parametrization of a Hopf-torus in $\mathbb{S}^3$. We prove that any such flow line of the Willmore flow exists globally, in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Ruben Jakob

By the classical Li-Yau inequality, an immersion of a closed surface in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with Willmore energy below $8\pi$ has to be embedded. We discuss analogous results for curves in $\mathbb{R}^2$, involving Euler's elastic energy and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-10-05 Marius Müller , Fabian Rupp
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