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In this paper, we study a class of bilevel optimization program (BP), where the feasible set of the lower level program is independent of the upper level variable. For bilevel programs it is known that the first order approach requires the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Kuang Bai , Wei Yao , Jane J. Ye , Jin Zhang

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is among leading candidates for achieving quantum advantage on near-term processors. While typically implemented with a transverse-field mixer (XM-QAOA), the Grover-mixer variant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Evgeniy O. Kiktenko , Elizaveta V. Krendeleva , Aleksey K. Fedorov

This work proposes Alada, an adaptive momentum method for stochastic optimization over large-scale matrices. Alada employs a rank-one factorization approach to estimate the second moment of gradients, where factors are updated alternatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Xiaoyu He , Yu Cai , Jin Jia , Canxi Huang , Wenqing Chen , Zibin Zheng

This paper provides lower bounds on the convergence rate of Derivative Free Optimization (DFO) with noisy function evaluations, exposing a fundamental and unavoidable gap between the performance of algorithms with access to gradients and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-09-13 Kevin G. Jamieson , Robert D. Nowak , Benjamin Recht

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has exhibited promise in utilizing external knowledge, its generation process heavily depends on the quality and accuracy of the retrieved context. Large language models (LLMs) struggle to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shi-Qi Yan , Quan Liu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Multi-Objective Bi-Level Optimization (MOBLO) addresses nested multi-objective optimization problems common in a range of applications. However, its multi-objective and hierarchical bilevel nature makes it notably complex. Gradient-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Xinmin Yang , Wei Yao , Haian Yin , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance as general purpose agents, but their abilities remain highly dependent on prompts which are hand written with onerous trial-and-error effort. We propose a simple and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Reid Pryzant , Dan Iter , Jerry Li , Yin Tat Lee , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng

First-order methods for minimization and saddle point (min-max) problems are widely used for solving large-scale problems, in particular arising in machine learning. The majority of works obtain favorable complexity guarantees of such…

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with classic first-order optimizers entails prohibitive GPU memory due to the backpropagation process. Recent works have turned to zeroth-order optimizers for fine-tuning, which save substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yanjun Zhao , Sizhe Dang , Haishan Ye , Guang Dai , Yi Qian , Ivor W. Tsang

In this paper we study convex bi-level optimization problems for which the inner level consists of minimization of the sum of smooth and nonsmooth functions. The outer level aims at minimizing a smooth and strongly convex function over the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-15 Shoham Sabach , Shimrit Shtern

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) improves the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values by training directly on human preference datasets, eliminating the need for reward models. However, due to the presence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Biqing Qi , Pengfei Li , Fangyuan Li , Junqi Gao , Kaiyan Zhang , Bowen Zhou

This paper considers the simple bilevel optimization (SBO) problem, which minimizes a composite convex function over the optimal solution set of another composite convex minimization problem. We first show that this bilevel problem is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Rujun Jiang , Xu Shi , Weizheng Song , Jiulin Wang

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is typically used to optimize an unknown function $f$ that is noisy and costly to evaluate, by exploiting an acquisition function that must be maximized at each optimization step. Even if provably asymptotically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Anthony Bardou , Patrick Thiran , Thomas Begin

Bilevel optimization has become a powerful tool in a wide variety of machine learning problems. However, the current nonconvex bilevel optimization considers an offline dataset and static functions, which may not work well in emerging…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-10 Sen Lin , Daouda Sow , Kaiyi Ji , Yingbin Liang , Ness Shroff

This paper presents a novel transformation-proximal bundle algorithm for multistage adaptive robust optimization problems. By partitioning recourse decisions into state and control decisions, the proposed algorithm applies affine control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-06 Chao Ning , Fengqi You

In this paper we propose a sequential minimax optimization (SMO) method for solving a class of constrained bilevel optimization problems in which the lower-level part is a possibly nonsmooth convex optimization problem, while the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Zhaosong Lu , Sanyou Mei

This paper considers a class of distributed bilevel optimization (DBO) problems with a coupled inner-level subproblem. Existing approaches typically rely on hypergradient estimations involving computationally expensive Hessian evaluation.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Youcheng Niu , Jinming Xu , Ying Sun , Li Chai , Jiming Chen

Learning to Optimize (L2O) approaches, including algorithm unrolling, plug-and-play methods, and hyperparameter learning, have garnered significant attention and have been successfully applied to the Alternating Direction Method of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-27 Ling Liang , Cameron Austin , Haizhao Yang

Robust optimization (RO) has emerged as one of the leading paradigms to efficiently model parameter uncertainty. The recent connections between RO and problems in statistics and machine learning domains demand for solving RO problems in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-11-21 Nam Ho-Nguyen , Fatma Kilinc-Karzan

Ising machines, including quantum annealing machines, are promising next-generation computers for combinatorial optimization problems. However, due to hardware limitations, most Ising-type hardware can only solve objective functions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-29 Kazuki Ikeuchi , Yoshiki Matsuda , Shu Tanaka