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This paper considers the Federated learning (FL) in a stochastic approximation (SA) framework. Here, each client $i$ trains a local model using its dataset $\mathcal{D}^{(i)}$ and periodically transmits the model parameters $w^{(i)}_n$ to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Srihari P , Anik Kumar Paul , Bharath Bhikkaji

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed Artificial Intelligence (AI) across cloud-edge environments by allowing collaborative model training without centralizing data. In cross-device deployments, FL systems face strict communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Daniel M. Jimenez-Gutierrez , Giovanni Giunta , Mehrdad Hassanzadeh , Aris Anagnostopoulos , Ioannis Chatzigiannakis , Andrea Vitaletti

Federated learning is a distributed paradigm that allows multiple parties to collaboratively train deep models without exchanging the raw data. However, the data distribution among clients is naturally non-i.i.d., which leads to severe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Tianfei Zhou , Ender Konukoglu

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative learning of computer vision models, where privacy and regulatory constraints prevent centralizing data across devices or organizations. However, practical FL deployments often exhibit severe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Asim Ukaye , Nurbek Tastan , Mubarak Abdu-Aguye , Karthik Nandakumar

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training while preserving privacy, yet it introduces a critical challenge: the "illusion of fairness''. A global model, usually evaluated on the server, appears fair on average while keeping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xenia Heilmann , Luca Corbucci , Mattia Cerrato , Anna Monreale

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a pivotal approach in machine learning, enabling multiple participants to collaboratively train a global model without sharing raw data. While FL finds applications in various domains such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Nurbek Tastan , Samar Fares , Toluwani Aremu , Samuel Horvath , Karthik Nandakumar

In federated learning, client selection is a critical problem that significantly impacts both model performance and fairness. Prior studies typically treat these two objectives separately, or balance them using simple weighting schemes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Qingming Li , Juzheng Miao , Puning Zhao , Li Zhou , H. Vicky Zhao , Shouling Ji , Bowen Zhou , Furui Liu

In Federated Learning (FL), the distributed nature and heterogeneity of client data present both opportunities and challenges. While collaboration among clients can significantly enhance the learning process, not all collaborations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Nazarii Tupitsa , Samuel Horváth , Martin Takáč , Eduard Gorbunov

Federated learning (FL) is a promising framework for learning from distributed data while maintaining privacy. The development of efficient FL algorithms encounters various challenges, including heterogeneous data and systems, limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Yongcun Song , Ziqi Wang , Enrique Zuazua

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while preserving the privacy of raw data. A challenge in this framework is the fair and efficient valuation of data, which is crucial for incentivizing clients to contribute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Wenqian Li , Shuran Fu , Fengrui Zhang , Yan Pang

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm where multiple clients conduct local training based on their private data, then the updated models are sent to a central server for global aggregation. The practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Harsh Vardhan , Xiaofan Yu , Tajana Rosing , Arya Mazumdar

Federated learning (FL) is an important technique for learning models from decentralized data in a privacy-preserving way. Existing FL methods usually uniformly sample clients for local model learning in each round. However, different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Tao Qi , Fangzhao Wu , Lingjuan Lyu , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

Collaborative fairness stands as an essential element in federated learning to encourage client participation by equitably distributing rewards based on individual contributions. Existing methods primarily focus on adjusting gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zihui Wang , Zheng Wang , Lingjuan Lyu , Zhaopeng Peng , Zhicheng Yang , Chenglu Wen , Rongshan Yu , Cheng Wang , Xiaoliang Fan

Federated learning (FL) commonly assumes that the server or some clients have labeled data, which is often impractical due to annotation costs and privacy concerns. Addressing this problem, we focus on a source-free domain adaptation task,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Junki Mori , Kosuke Kihara , Taiki Miyagawa , Akinori F. Ebihara , Isamu Teranishi , Hisashi Kashima

Compared with full client participation, partial client participation is a more practical scenario in federated learning, but it may amplify some challenges in federated learning, such as data heterogeneity. The lack of inactive clients'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Feijie Wu , Song Guo , Zhihao Qu , Shiqi He , Ziming Liu , Jing Gao

Native AI support is a key objective in the evolution of 6G networks, with Federated Learning (FL) emerging as a promising paradigm. FL allows decentralized clients to collaboratively train an AI model without directly sharing their data,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Wenxuan Ye , Xueli An , Junfan Wang , Xueqiang Yan , Georg Carle

The challenge of data scarcity hinders the application of deep learning in industrial surface defect classification (SDC), as it's difficult to collect and centralize sufficient training data from various entities in Industrial Internet of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jixuan Cui , Jun Li , Zhen Mei , Yiyang Ni , Wen Chen , Zengxiang Li

Clustered Federated Multitask Learning (CFL) was introduced as an efficient scheme to obtain reliable specialized models when data is imbalanced and distributed in a non-i.i.d. (non-independent and identically distributed) fashion amongst…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Abdullatif Albaseer , Mohamed Abdallah , Ala Al-Fuqaha , Aiman Erbad

Federated Learning (FL) presents an innovative approach to privacy-preserving distributed machine learning and enables efficient crowd intelligence on a large scale. However, a significant challenge arises when coordinating FL with crowd…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yuhao Zhou , Minjia Shi , Yuxin Tian , Yuanxi Li , Qing Ye , Jiancheng Lv

Federated learning (FL) aims to train models collaboratively across clients without sharing data for privacy-preserving. However, one major challenge is the data heterogeneity issue, which refers to the biased labeling preferences at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Huan Wang , Haoran Li , Huaming Chen , Jun Yan , Jiahua Shi , Jun Shen