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State of the art generative models of human-produced content are the focus of many recent papers that explore their use for steganographic communication. In particular, generative models of natural language text. Loosely, these works…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Luke A. Bauer , James K. Howes , Sam A. Markelon , Vincent Bindschaedler , Thomas Shrimpton

Image steganography is a procedure for hiding messages inside pictures. While other techniques such as cryptography aim to prevent adversaries from reading the secret message, steganography aims to hide the presence of the message itself.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Kevin Alex Zhang , Alfredo Cuesta-Infante , Lei Xu , Kalyan Veeramachaneni

Data security is of the utmost concern of a communication system. Since the early days, many developments have been made to improve the performance of the system. PSNR of the received signal, secure transmission channel, quality of encoding…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Venkatesh Subramaniyan , Vignesh Sivakumar , A. K. Vagheesan , S. Sakthivelan , K. J. Jegadish Kumar , K. K. Nagarajan

Covert communication (also known as steganography) is the practice of concealing a secret inside an innocuous-looking public object (cover) so that the modified public object (covert code) makes sense to everyone but only someone who knows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Leela Raj-Sankar , S. Raj Rajagopalan

With the popularity of the large language models (LLMs), text steganography has achieved remarkable performance. However, existing methods still have some issues: (1) For the white-box paradigm, this steganography behavior is prone to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jianxin Gao , Ruohan Lei , Wanli Peng

In the face of escalating surveillance and censorship within the cyberspace, the sanctity of personal privacy has come under siege, necessitating the development of steganography, which offers a way to securely hide messages within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Minhao Bai , Jinshuai Yang , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang , Yue Gao

For as long as humans have participated in the act of communication, concealing information in those communicative mediums has manifested into an art of its own. Crytographic messages, through written language or images, are a means of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Nibraas Khan , Ruj Haan , George Boktor , Michael McComas , Ramin Daneshi

Steganography is a method that can improve network security and make communications safer. In this method, a secret message is hidden in content like audio signals that should not be perceptible by listening to the audio or seeing the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Noshin Amiri , Iman Naderi

Traditional adaptive steganography is a technique used for covert communication with high security, but it is invalid in the case of stego images are sent to legal receivers over networks which is lossy, such as JPEG compression of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Zhaoxia Yin , Longfei Ke

The traditional reversible data hiding technique is based on cover image modification which inevitably leaves some traces of rewriting that can be more easily analyzed and attacked by the warder. Inspired by the cover synthesis…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-31 Zhuo Zhang , Guangyuan Fu , Fuqiang Di , Changlong Li , Jia Liu

As large language models (LLMs) become integrated into sensitive workflows, concerns grow over their potential to leak confidential information. We propose TrojanStego, a novel threat model in which an adversary fine-tunes an LLM to embed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Dominik Meier , Jan Philip Wahle , Paul Röttger , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Steganography is the practice of encoding secret information into innocuous content in such a manner that an adversarial third party would not realize that there is hidden meaning. While this problem has classically been studied in security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Christian Schroeder de Witt , Samuel Sokota , J. Zico Kolter , Jakob Foerster , Martin Strohmeier

This paper presents a survey of text steganography methods used for hid- ing secret information inside some covertext. Widely known hiding techniques (such as translation based steganography, text generating and syntactic embed- ding) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-10-13 Ivan Nechta , Andrei Fionov

Text-to-image models have recently made significant advances in generating realistic and semantically coherent images, driven by advanced diffusion models and large-scale web-crawled datasets. However, these datasets often contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Byeonghu Na , Mina Kang , Jiseok Kwak , Minsang Park , Jiwoo Shin , SeJoon Jun , Gayoung Lee , Jin-Hwa Kim , Il-Chul Moon

Secure covert communication in hostile environments requires simultaneously achieving invisibility, provable security guarantees, and robustness against informed adversaries. This paper presents a novel hybrid steganographic framework that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Obinna Omego , Michal Bosy

Steganography is an emerging area which is used for secured data transmission over any public media.Steganography is a process that involves hiding a message in an appropriate carrier like image or audio. It is of Greek origin and means…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-05-27 Mamta Juneja , Parvinder singh Sandhu

To detect stego (steganographic text) in complex scenarios, linguistic steganalysis (LS) with various motivations has been proposed and achieved excellent performance. However, with the development of generative steganography, some stegos…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yifan Tang , Yihao Wang , Ru Zhang , Jianyi Liu

Although Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have been widely applied, the privacy and security risks they face, such as data leakage and data poisoning, have not been systematically addressed yet. Existing defense strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Zhongliang Yang

Recent advances in generative AI have opened promising avenues for steganography, which can securely protect sensitive information for individuals operating in hostile environments, such as journalists, activists, and whistleblowers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Aqib Mahfuz , Georgia Channing , Mark van der Wilk , Philip Torr , Fabio Pizzati , Christian Schroeder de Witt

We propose steganographic systems for the case when covertexts (containers) are generated by a finite-memory source with possibly unknown statistics. The probability distributions of covertexts with and without hidden information are the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-02-28 Boris Ryabko , Daniil Ryabko