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Computational models of complex physical systems often rely on simplifying assumptions which inevitably introduce model error, with consequent predictive errors. Given data on model observables, the estimation of parameterized model-error…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-23 Mridula Kuppa , Khachik Sargsyan , Marco Panesi , Habib N. Najm

We present a theoretically grounded Gaussian process framework that leverages neural feature maps to construct expressive kernels. We show that the learned feature map can be interpreted as an optimal low-rank approximation to a Gram matrix…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Anthony Stephenson

Gaussian processes (GPs) are very widely used for modeling of unknown functions or surfaces in applications ranging from regression to classification to spatial processes. Although there is an increasingly vast literature on applications,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-28 Lizhen Lin , Mu Niu , Pokman Cheung , David Dunson

Gaussian Processes (GP) have become popular machine-learning methods for kernel-based learning on datasets with complicated covariance structures. In this paper, we present a novel extension to the GP framework using a contaminated normal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Daniel Iong , Matthew McAnear , Yuezhou Qu , Shasha Zou , Gabor Toth , Yang Chen

In this tutorial we explain the inference procedures developed for the sparse Gaussian process (GP) regression and Gaussian process latent variable model (GPLVM). Due to page limit the derivation given in Titsias (2009) and Titsias &…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-10-01 Yarin Gal , Mark van der Wilk

Inter-domain Gaussian processes (GPs) allow for high flexibility and low computational cost when performing approximate inference in GP models. They are particularly suitable for modeling data exhibiting global structure but are limited to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-03 Tim G. J. Rudner , Dino Sejdinovic , Yarin Gal

This paper presents a method for approximate Gaussian process (GP) regression with tensor networks (TNs). A parametric approximation of a GP uses a linear combination of basis functions, where the accuracy of the approximation depends on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-01 Clara Menzen , Eva Memmel , Kim Batselier , Manon Kok

A Gaussian process (GP) is a powerful and widely used regression technique. The main building block of a GP regression is the covariance kernel, which characterizes the relationship between pairs in the random field. The optimization to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-05 Vahid Keshavarzzadeh , Shandian Zhe , Robert M. Kirby , Akil Narayan

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

Gaussian processes (GP) are Bayesian non-parametric models that are widely used for probabilistic regression. Unfortunately, it cannot scale well with large data nor perform real-time predictions due to its cubic time cost in the data size.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-05-27 Jie Chen , Nannan Cao , Kian Hsiang Low , Ruofei Ouyang , Colin Keng-Yan Tan , Patrick Jaillet

Earth observation from satellite sensory data poses challenging problems, where machine learning is currently a key player. In recent years, Gaussian Process (GP) regression has excelled in biophysical parameter estimation tasks from…

Heteroscedastic regression considering the varying noises among observations has many applications in the fields like machine learning and statistics. Here we focus on the heteroscedastic Gaussian process (HGP) regression which integrates…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-22 Haitao Liu , Yew-Soon Ong , Jianfei Cai

Gaussian processes (GPs) are ubiquitously used in sciences and engineering as metamodels. Standard GPs, however, can only handle numerical or quantitative variables. In this paper, we introduce latent map Gaussian processes (LMGPs) that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-13 Nicholas Oune , Ramin Bostanabad

This paper presents an approach for constrained Gaussian Process (GP) regression where we assume that a set of linear transformations of the process are bounded. It is motivated by machine learning applications for high-consequence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-12 Christian Agrell

Gaussian processes (GPs) have gained popularity as flexible machine learning models for regression and function approximation with an in-built method for uncertainty quantification. However, GPs suffer when the amount of training data is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-26 Jonas Latz , Aretha L. Teckentrup , Simon Urbainczyk

Gaussian processes (GPs) are widely used in non-parametric Bayesian modeling, and play an important role in various statistical and machine learning applications. In a variety tasks of uncertainty quantification, generating random sample…

Computation · Statistics 2024-08-02 Haoyuan Chen , Rui Tuo

Gaussian processes (GPs) are Bayesian non-parametric models popular in a variety of applications due to their accuracy and native uncertainty quantification (UQ). Tuning GP hyperparameters is critical to ensure the validity of prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Killian Wood , Alec M. Dunton , Amanda Muyskens , Benjamin W. Priest

Variational inference techniques based on inducing variables provide an elegant framework for scalable posterior estimation in Gaussian process (GP) models. Besides enabling scalability, one of their main advantages over sparse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-24 Simone Rossi , Markus Heinonen , Edwin V. Bonilla , Zheyang Shen , Maurizio Filippone

Gaussian processes (GPs) defined through intrinsic random fields provide a flexible framework for modeling spatial phenomena, and have been advocated in a variety of applications over the past several decades. Nevertheless, their adoption…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Christopher Beattie , David Higdon , Leanna House , Colby Stakun-Pickering , Jared Clark

Gaussian Process (GP) models are a powerful tool in probabilistic machine learning with a solid theoretical foundation. Thanks to current advances, modeling complex data with GPs is becoming increasingly feasible, which makes them an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Sarem Seitz