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When the discrete time-translation symmetry of isolated, periodically driven systems is spontaneously broken, a new phase of matter can emerge. We review some recent developments on both the theoretical underpinnings and experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-28 Norman Y. Yao , Chetan Nayak

Quantum many-body systems display rich phase structure in their low-temperature equilibrium states. However, much of nature is not in thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, it was recently predicted that out-of-equilibrium systems can exhibit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Xiao Mi , Matteo Ippoliti , Chris Quintana , Ami Greene , Zijun Chen , Jonathan Gross , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Joseph C. Bardin , Joao Basso , Andreas Bengtsson , Alexander Bilmes , Alexandre Bourassa , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Benjamin Chiaro , Roberto Collins , William Courtney , Dripto Debroy , Sean Demura , Alan R. Derk , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Edward Farhi , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Craig Gidney , Marissa Giustina , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Jeremy Hilton , Alan Ho , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , L. B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Dvir Kafri , Tanuj Khattar , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Joonho Lee , Kenny Lee , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor McCourt , Matt McEwen , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Shirin Montazeri , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Michael Newman , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O\' Brien , Alex Opremcak , Eric Ostby , Balint Pato , Andre Petukhov , Nicholas C. Rubin , Daniel Sank , Kevin J. Satzinger , Vladimir Shvarts , Yuan Su , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Matthew D. Trevithick , Benjamin Villalonga , Theodore White , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Adam Zalcman , Hartmut Neven , Sergio Boixo , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Anthony Megrant , Julian Kelly , Yu Chen , S. L. Sondhi , Roderich Moessner , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Vedika Khemani , Pedram Roushan

The engineering of new states of matter through Floquet driving has revolutionized the field of condensed matter physics. This technique enables the creation of hybrid topological states and ordered phases that are absent in normal systems.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-18 Christopher Sims

Periodically driven quantum systems host a range of non-equilibrium phenomena which are unrealizable at equilibrium. Discrete time-translational symmetry in a periodically driven many-body system can be spontaneously broken to form a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-11 James O'Sullivan , Oliver Lunt , Christoph W. Zollitsch , M. L. W. Thewalt , John J. L. Morton , Arijeet Pal

The formation of a phase of matter can be associated with the spontaneous breaking of a symmetry. For crystallization, this broken symmetry is the spatial translation symmetry, as the atoms spontaneously localize in a periodic fashion. In…

The search for exotic temporal orders in quantum matter, such as discrete quasi-time crystals (DQTCs), has become an important theme in nonequilibrium physics. However, realizing these phases has so far required complex protocols, such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Xu Feng , Shuo Liu , Shu Chen , Shi-Xin Zhang

We consider a dissipative quantum Ising model periodically driven by a train of $\pi$-pulses and investigate dissipative discrete time crystals (DTCs) in solids. In this model, the interaction between the spins spontaneously breaks the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-01 Koki Chinzei , Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda

Boundary time crystals (BTC's) are non-equilibrium phases of matter occurring in quantum systems in contact to an environment, for which a macroscopic fraction of the many body system breaks time translation symmetry. We study BTC's in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-24 Luis Fernando dos Prazeres , Leonardo da Silva Souza , Fernando Iemini

We demonstrate the realization of a Discrete Time-Crystal (DTC) phase in a family of periodically driven, one-dimensional quadratic lattice Hamiltonians that can be obtained using spin chains. These interactions preserve integrability while…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-21 Rahul Chandra , Mahbub Rahaman , Soumyabroto Majumder , Analabha Roy , Sujit Sarkar

Following the recent realisation that periodically driven quantum matter can support new types of spatiotemporal order, now known as discrete time crystals (DTCs), we consider the stability of this phenomenon. Motivated by its conceptual…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-05-24 Achilleas Lazarides , Roderich Moessner

Prethermal discrete time crystals (PDTCs), an emergent non-equilibrium phase of matter, have been studied in two- and higher-dimensional lattices with nearest-neighbor (NN) interactions and one-dimensional (1D) lattices with long-range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Zhuo-Yi Li , Yu-Ran Zhang

We define topological time crystals, a dynamical phase of periodically driven quantum many-body systems capturing the coexistence of intrinsic topological order with the spontaneous breaking of discrete time-translation symmetry. We show…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-11-15 Thorsten B. Wahl , Bo Han , Benjamin Béri

Discrete time crystals are a special phase of matter in which time translational symmetry is broken through a periodic driving pulse. Here, we first propose and characterize an effective mechanism to generate a stable discrete time crystal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Rozhin Yousefjani , Krzysztof Sacha , Abolfazl Bayat

Floquet engineering, i.e. driving the system with periodic Hamiltonians, not only provides great flexibility in analog quantum simulation, but also supports phase structures of great richness. It has been proposed that Floquet systems can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-03 Huikai Xu , Jingning Zhang , Jiaxiu Han , Zhiyuan Li , Guangming Xue , Weiyang Liu , Yirong Jin , Haifeng Yu

Topologically ordered phases of matter elude Landau's symmetry-breaking theory, featuring a variety of intriguing properties such as long-range entanglement and intrinsic robustness against local perturbations. Their extension to…

Periodically driven (Floquet) systems are described by time dependent Hamiltonians that possess discrete time translation symmetry. The spontaneous breaking of this symmetry leads to the emergence of a novel non-equilibrium phase of matter…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-15 Sayan Choudhury

Discrete time crystals are a recently proposed and experimentally observed out-of-equilibrium dynamical phase of Floquet systems, where the stroboscopic evolution of a local observable repeats itself at an integer multiple of the driving…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-01-29 Zongping Gong , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

Continuous time crystal (CTC) and quasi-crystal (CTQC) are two novel phases of matter characterized by the spontaneous breaking of continuous time-translation symmetry. To date, realizations of CTCs with periodic oscillations have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Ying Huang , Tishuo Wang , Haochuan Yin , Min Jiang , Zhihuang Luo , Xinhua Peng

Experimental advances have allowed for the exploration of nearly isolated quantum many-body systems whose coupling to an external bath is very weak. A particularly interesting class of such systems is those which do not thermalize under…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-05 Dominic V. Else , Christopher Monroe , Chetan Nayak , Norman Y. Yao

Understanding how temporal order degrades in quantum systems remains a central issue in nonequilibrium physics. Here we study the melting of discrete time crystals in a periodically driven holographic system, where a distinct (discrete)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-16 Yu-Qi Lei , Xian-Hui Ge , Yu Tian , Shao-Feng Wu