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Related papers: The Third Order Scalar Induced Gravitational Waves

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We identify a characteristic pattern in the scalar-induced stochastic gravitational wave background from particle production during inflation. If particle production is sufficiently efficient, the scalar power spectrum exhibits…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-24 Jacopo Fumagalli , Sébastien Renaux-Petel , Lukas T. Witkowski

In this work, we develop a generic formalism for the study of tensor perturbations induced at second order by first-order vector metric perturbations, dubbing these induced tensor modes $\textit{vector-induced gravitational waves}$ (VIGWs).…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-29 Arko Bhaumik , Theodoros Papanikolaou , Anish Ghoshal

The energy density spectrum is an observable of gravitational waves. Divergence has appeared in the energy density spectra of the scalar induced gravitational waves for different gauge fixings. To resolve the discrepancy, we investigate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-06 Zhe Chang , Sai Wang , Qing-Hua Zhu

We argue that cubic order interactions between two scalar gravitons and one tensor graviton are ubiquitous in models of dark energy where the strong coupling scale is $\Lambda_3$. These interactions can potentially provide efficient decay…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-26 A. Emir Gumrukcuoglu , Kazuya Koyama

Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) are ubiquitous in many early-Universe processes accompanied by non-Gaussianity; while Gaussian perturbation can generate significant SIGWs, computations of SIGWs can be significantly affected and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-24 Xiang-Xi Zeng , Zhuan Ning , Rong-Gen Cai , Shao-Jiang Wang

This paper is the third in a series of theorems which state how cosmological observations can provide evidence for an early phase of acceleration in the universe. Previous theorems demonstrated that the observed power spectrum for scalar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-19 Ghazal Geshnizjani , William H. Kinney

Observational constraints on small-scale primordial gravitational waves are considerably weaker than those on large scales. We focus on scenarios with significant primordial gravitational waves and curvature perturbations on small scales,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-01 Di Wu , Jing-Zhi Zhou , Yu-Ting Kuang , Zhi-Chao Li , Zhe Chang , Qing-Guo Huang

Primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) generate scalar density perturbations at second order. Since the induced density contrast is quadratic in the tensor field, it is intrinsically non-Gaussian. We study the imprint of this tensor-induced…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-05 Mariam Abdelaziz , Pritha Bari , Sabino Matarrese , Angelo Ricciardone

We present a novel mechanism for gravitational wave generation in the early Universe. Light spectator scalar fields during inflation can acquire a blue-tilted power spectrum due to stochastic effects. We show that this effect can lead to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-06 Reza Ebadi , Soubhik Kumar , Amara McCune , Hanwen Tai , Lian-Tao Wang

Primordial isocurvature perturbations, which can arise from various sources in the early Universe, have the potential to leave observable imprints on the gravitational-wave background and provide insights into the nature of primordial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-08 Chen Yuan , Zu-Cheng Chen , Lang Liu

The power spectrum of a homogeneous and isotropic stochastic variable, characterized by a finite correlation length, does in general not vanish on scales larger than the correlation scale. If the variable is a divergence free vector field,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Chiara Caprini , Ruth Durrer

This paper investigates the effects of nonvanishing spatial curvature on the propagation of primordial gravitational waves produced during inflation. In particular, we consider tensor perturbations over a homogeneous and isotropic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-29 Rocco D'Agostino , Matteo Califano , Nicola Menadeo , Daniele Vernieri

The existence of scalar fields can be probed by observations of stochastic gravitational waves. Scalar fields mediate attractive forces, usually stronger than gravity, on the length scales shorter than their Compton wavelengths, which can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-11 Marcos M. Flores , Alexander Kusenko , Misao Sasaki

We provide a pedagogical approach to gravitational waves in cosmology with focus on gravitational wave signals related to primordial black holes. These lectures notes contain more details than one is able to present in the two two-hour…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-17 Guillem Domènech

Gravitational waves sourced by amplified scalar perturbations are a common prediction across a wide range of cosmological models. These scalar curvature fluctuations are inherently nonlinear and typically non-Gaussian. We argue that the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-10 A. J. Iovino , S. Matarrese , G. Perna , A. Ricciardone , A. Riotto

At the linear level, the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum predicted by inflation, and many of its alternatives, can have arbitrarily small amplitude and consequently an unconstrained tilt. However, at second order, tensor fluctuations are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-10 Ido Ben-Dayan , Brian Keating , David Leon , Ira Wolfson

First-order primordial curvature perturbations are known to induce gravitational waves at the second-order, which can in turn probe the small-scale curvature perturbations near the end of the inflation. In this work, we extend the previous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-21 Xiang-Xi Zeng , Rong-Gen Cai , Shao-Jiang Wang

Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves (SIGWs) represent a particular class of primordial signals which are sourced at second-order in perturbation theory whenever a scalar fluctuation of the metric is present. They form a guaranteed Stochastic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-12 Gabriele Perna , Chiara Testini , Angelo Ricciardone , Sabino Matarrese

This project is aimed at studying the first-order phase transitions, that is presumed to have ensued in the early universe, and its consequences on the primordial gravitational waves. The effects of bubble nucleation, growth, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-12 Yashmitha Kumaran

Primordial scalar curvature perturbations ($\zeta$), typically probed on large cosmological scales via CMB and LSS observations, can be significantly enhanced on smaller scales by various early Universe mechanisms, for instance, non-minimal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-30 Mauro Pieroni