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Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Camilla Casula , Sara Tonelli

We explore the use of small language models (SLMs) for automatic question generation as a complement to the prevalent use of their large counterparts in learning analytics research. We present a novel question generation pipeline that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Yumou Wei , John Stamper , Paulo F. Carvalho

Personalized retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) aims to produce user-tailored responses by incorporating retrieved user profiles alongside the input query. Existing methods primarily focus on improving retrieval and rely on large language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Kepu Zhang , Teng Shi , Weijie Yu , Jun Xu

Recent research has focused on using large language models (LLMs) to generate explanations for hate speech through fine-tuning or prompting. Despite the growing interest in this area, these generated explanations' effectiveness and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Han Wang , Ming Shan Hee , Md Rabiul Awal , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Detoxification, the task of rewriting harmful language into non-toxic text, has become increasingly important amid the growing prevalence of toxic content online. However, high-quality parallel datasets for detoxification, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Shuzhou Yuan , Ercong Nie , Lukas Kouba , Ashish Yashwanth Kangen , Helmut Schmid , Hinrich Schütze , Michael Färber

Recently efforts have been made by social media platforms as well as researchers to detect hateful or toxic language using large language models. However, none of these works aim to use explanation, additional context and victim community…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Sarthak Roy , Ashish Harshavardhan , Animesh Mukherjee , Punyajoy Saha

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a promising solution for incorporating up-to-date or domain-specific knowledge into large language models (LLMs) and improving LLM factuality, but is predominantly studied in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Nadezhda Chirkova , David Rau , Hervé Déjean , Thibault Formal , Stéphane Clinchant , Vassilina Nikoulina

A crucial challenge for generative large language models (LLMs) is diversity: when a user's prompt is under-specified, models may follow implicit assumptions while generating a response, which may result in homogenization of the responses,…

Machine Learning has seen tremendous growth recently, which has led to larger adoption of ML systems for educational assessments, credit risk, healthcare, employment, criminal justice, to name a few. The trustworthiness of ML and NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Nishtha Madaan , Inkit Padhi , Naveen Panwar , Diptikalyan Saha

We present a robust methodology for evaluating biases in natural language generation(NLG) systems. Previous works use fixed hand-crafted prefix templates with mentions of various demographic groups to prompt models to generate continuations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Arshiya Aggarwal , Jiao Sun , Nanyun Peng

Finding counterevidence to statements is key to many tasks, including counterargument generation. We build a system that, given a statement, retrieves counterevidence from diverse sources on the Web. At the core of this system is a natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Yohan Jo , Haneul Yoo , JinYeong Bak , Alice Oh , Chris Reed , Eduard Hovy

The prevalence of machine learning models in various industries has led to growing demands for model interpretability and for the ability to provide meaningful recourse to users. For example, patients hoping to improve their diagnoses or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Daniel Nemirovsky , Nicolas Thiebaut , Ye Xu , Abhishek Gupta

This paper introduces a context-aware model for robust counterspeech generation, which achieved significant success in the MCG-COLING-2025 shared task. Our approach particularly excelled in low-resource language settings. By leveraging a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Michael Bennie , Bushi Xiao , Chryseis Xinyi Liu , Demi Zhang , Jian Meng , Alayo Tripp

Toxicity mitigation consists in rephrasing text in order to remove offensive or harmful meaning. Neural natural language processing (NLP) models have been widely used to target and mitigate textual toxicity. However, existing methods fail…

Hate speech is an important problem in the management of user-generated content. To remove offensive content or ban misbehaving users, content moderators need reliable hate speech detectors. Recently, deep neural networks based on the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-18 Kristian Miok , Blaz Skrlj , Daniela Zaharie , Marko Robnik-Sikonja

While recent works have been considerably improving the quality of the natural language explanations (NLEs) generated by a model to justify its predictions, there is very limited research in detecting and alleviating inconsistencies among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Myeongjun Jang , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Julian McAuley , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Oana-Maria Camburu

There has been a recent explosion in applications for dialogue interaction ranging from direction-giving and tourist information to interactive story systems. Yet the natural language generation (NLG) component for many of these systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Stephanie M. Lukin , Lena I. Reed , Marilyn A. Walker

How to defend large language models (LLMs) from generating toxic content is an important research area. Yet, most research focused on various model training techniques to remediate LLMs by updating their weights. A typical related research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Hongyuan Lu , Wai Lam

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is one of the most revolutionary technologies today. It uses artificial intelligence to understand human text and spoken words. It is used for text summarization, grammar checking, sentiment analysis, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 G. M. Refatul Islam , Safwan Shaheer , Yaseen Nur , Mohammad Rafid Hamid

Today text classification models have been widely used. However, these classifiers are found to be easily fooled by adversarial examples. Fortunately, standard attacking methods generate adversarial texts in a pair-wise way, that is, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Yankun Ren , Jianbin Lin , Siliang Tang , Jun Zhou , Shuang Yang , Yuan Qi , Xiang Ren