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The increasing volume of hate speech on online platforms poses significant societal challenges. While the Natural Language Processing community has developed effective methods to automatically detect the presence of hate speech, responses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Greta Damo , Stéphane Petiot , Elena Cabrio , Serena Villata

With the rise of online abuse, the NLP community has begun investigating the use of neural architectures to generate counterspeech that can "counter" the vicious tone of such abusive speech and dilute/ameliorate their rippling effect over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Mithun Das , Saurabh Kumar Pandey , Shivansh Sethi , Punyajoy Saha , Animesh Mukherjee

Recent studies have exploited advanced generative language models to generate Natural Language Explanations (NLE) for why a certain text could be hateful. We propose the Chain of Explanation (CoE) Prompting method, using the heuristic words…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Fan Huang , Haewoon Kwak , Jisun An

Large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress in a wide range of natural language understanding and generation tasks. However, their ability to generate counterfactuals has not been examined systematically. To bridge this gap,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yongqi Li , Mayi Xu , Xin Miao , Shen Zhou , Tieyun Qian

Detection of hate speech has been formulated as a standalone application of NLP and different approaches have been adopted for identifying the target groups, obtaining raw data, defining the labeling process, choosing the detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Vitthal Bhandari

Online hate speech has caught everyone's attention from the news related to the COVID-19 pandemic, US elections, and worldwide protests. Online toxicity - an umbrella term for online hateful behavior, manifests itself in forms such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Mudit Chaudhary , Chandni Saxena , Helen Meng

Assessing ways in which Language Models can reduce their hallucinations and improve the outputs' quality is crucial to ensure their large-scale use. However, methods such as fine-tuning on domain-specific data or the training of a separate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Sara Candussio

Counterspeech, i.e., responses to counteract potential harms of hateful speech, has become an increasingly popular solution to address online hate speech without censorship. However, properly countering hateful language requires countering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Jimin Mun , Emily Allaway , Akhila Yerukola , Laura Vianna , Sarah-Jane Leslie , Maarten Sap

Open-domain dialogue generation suffers from the data insufficiency problem due to the vast size of potential responses. In this paper, we propose to explore potential responses by counterfactual reasoning. Given an observed response, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Qingfu Zhu , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu , William Yang Wang

Counterspeech has proven to be a powerful tool to combat hate speech online. Previous studies have focused on generating counterspeech conditioned only on specific intents (single attributed). However, a holistic approach considering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aswini Kumar , Anil Bandhakavi , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Generating qualitative responses has always been a challenge for human-computer dialogue systems. Existing dialogue systems generally derive from either retrieval-based or generative-based approaches, both of which have their own pros and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Jiayi Zhang , Chongyang Tao , Zhenjing Xu , Qiaojing Xie , Wei Chen , Rui Yan

Counter-narratives, which are direct responses consisting of non-aggressive fact-based arguments, have emerged as a highly effective approach to combat the proliferation of hate speech. Previous methodologies have primarily focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Linhao Zhang , Li Jin , Guangluan Xu , Xiaoyu Li , Xian Sun

Counter-argument generation -- a captivating area in computational linguistics -- seeks to craft statements that offer opposing views. While most research has ventured into paragraph-level generation, sentence-level counter-argument…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Jiayu Lin , Rong Ye , Meng Han , Qi Zhang , Ruofei Lai , Xinyu Zhang , Zhao Cao , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

One of the hardest problems in the area of Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence is automatically generating language that is coherent and understandable to humans. Teaching machines how to converse as humans do falls…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Sashank Santhanam , Samira Shaikh

Natural language generation (NLG) is one of the most impactful fields in NLP, and recent years have witnessed its evolution brought about by large language models (LLMs). As the key instrument for writing assistance applications, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Minghui Zhang , Alex Sokolov , Weixin Cai , Si-Qing Chen

Deep learning-based natural language processing (NLP) models, particularly pre-trained language models (PLMs), have been revealed to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, the adversarial examples generated by many mainstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Zimu Wang , Wei Wang , Qi Chen , Qiufeng Wang , Anh Nguyen

Text generation is the automated process of producing written or spoken language using computational methods. It involves generating coherent and contextually relevant text based on predefined rules or learned patterns. However, challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Rahimanuddin Shaik , Katikela Sreeharsha Kishore

Automatic hate speech detection is hampered by the scarcity of labeled datasetd, leading to poor generalization. We employ pretrained language models (LMs) to alleviate this data bottleneck. We utilize the GPT LM for generating large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

Natural language generation (NLG) is a critical component in a spoken dialogue system. This paper presents a Recurrent Neural Network based Encoder-Decoder architecture, in which an LSTM-based decoder is introduced to select, aggregate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Van-Khanh Tran , Le-Minh Nguyen

Counterspeech has been demonstrated to be an efficacious approach for combating hate speech. While various conventional and controlled approaches have been studied in recent years to generate counterspeech, a counterspeech with a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Rishabh Gupta , Shaily Desai , Manvi Goel , Anil Bandhakavi , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Md. Shad Akhtar