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Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are those between 100 and 10$^5$ solar masses ($M_{\odot}$); their formation process is debated. One possible origin is the growth of less massive black holes (BHs) via mergers with stars and compact…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-12 Michiko S. Fujii , Long Wang , Ataru Tanikawa , Yutaka Hirai , Takayuki R. Saitoh

We present a semi-analytical binary black hole (BBH) metric approximation that models the entire evolution of the system from inspiral to merger. The metric is constructed as a boosted Kerr-Schild superposition following post-Newtonian (PN)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-21 Luciano Combi , Sean M. Ressler

The growing number of binary black hole mergers detected through gravitational waves offers unprecedented insight into their underlying population, yet their astrophysical formation channels remain unresolved. We present a new method to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-23 William J. Smith , Krystal Ruiz-Rocha , Kelly Holley-Bockelmann , Michela Mapelli , Karan Jani

Stellar black hole (BH) binaries are one of the most promising gravitational wave (GW) sources for GW detection by the ground-based detectors. Nuclear star clusters (NCs) located at the centre of galaxies are known to harbour massive black…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-02-13 Jongsuk Hong , Hyung Mok Lee

The formation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) through the collapse of large fluctuations in the early universe is a rare event. This manifests itself, for instance, through the non-Gaussian tail of the formation probability. To compute…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 V. De Luca , A. Riotto

Recent astrophysical models predict that stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) could form and coalesce within a few gravitational radii of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Detecting the gravitational waves (GWs) from such systems requires…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-02-06 Zhongfu Zhang , Xian Chen

The space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will open a new mass and redshift regime, allowing us to observe massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) throughout the Universe. A subset of these systems is expected to produce electromagnetic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-28 Xue-Ting Zhang , Jonathan Gair , Chris Messenger , Natalia Korsakova , Yi-Ming Hu , Hong-Yu Chen

A generic, non-eccentric binary black hole (BBH) system emits gravitational waves (GWs) that are completely described by 7 intrinsic parameters: the black hole spin vectors and the ratio of their masses. Simulating a BBH coalescence by…

The detection of gravitational waves from binary black holes (BBHs) started the hunt for their pre-merger electromagnetic emission. In that respect, numerical simulations have been looking for the "smoking gun" signal that could help…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-07 Peggy Varniere , Raphaël Mignon-Risse , Fabien Casse

Gravitational radiation arising from the inspiral and merger of binary black holes (BBH's) is a promising candidate for detection by kilometer-scale interferometric gravitational wave observatories. This paper discusses a serious obstacle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-12-30 Patrick R. Brady , Jolien D. E. Creighton , Kip S. Thorne

Globular clusters (GCs) are crucial for studying stellar dynamics and galactic structure, yet precise measurements of their distances and masses are often limited by uncertainties in electromagnetic (EM) observations. We present a novel…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-07 Jie Wu , Yao Xiao , Mengfei Sun , Jin Li

We consider several early Universe models that allow for production of large curvature perturbations at small scales. As is well known, such perturbations can lead to formation of primordial black holes (PBHs). We briefly review the today's…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-10 P. A. Klimai , E. V. Bugaev

The dynamical formation of binary black holes (BBHs) in globular clusters (GCs) may contribute significantly to the observed gravitational wave (GW) merger rate. Furthermore, LISA may detect many BBH sources from GCs at mHz frequencies,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-13 Zeyuan Xuan , Kyle Kremer , Smadar Naoz

The computational efficiency of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) has been improved by using surrogate models such as Gaussian processes (GP). In one such promising framework the discrepancy between the simulated and observed data is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-07 Marko Järvenpää , Aki Vehtari , Pekka Marttinen

Gaussian process emulators of computationally expensive computer codes provide fast statistical approximations to model physical processes. The training of these surrogates depends on the set of design points chosen to run the simulator.…

Computation · Statistics 2016-08-16 A. Garbuno-Inigo , F. A. DiazDelaO , K. M. Zuev

A numerical solution scheme for the Einstein field equations based on generalized harmonic coordinates is described, focusing on details not provided before in the literature and that are of particular relevance to the binary black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Frans Pretorius

Massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) represent an unavoidable outcome of hierarchical galaxy formation, but their dynamical evolution at sub-parsec scales is poorly understood, due to a combination of uncertainties in theoretical models and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-05-16 Cristián Maureira-Fredes , Felipe G. Goicovic , Pau Amaro-Seoane , Alberto Sesana

Understanding binary black hole (BBH) dynamics in dense star clusters is key to interpreting the gravitational wave detections by LIGO and Virgo. Here, we perform $N$-body simulations of star clusters, focusing on BBH formation mechanisms,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-14 Jordan Barber , Fabio Antonini

Understanding the formation and evolution of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) requires a thorough investigation of the key physical processes involved. While one pathway involves the isolated evolution of massive binary stars,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-16 M. Paola Vaccaro

We introduce a gravitational waveform inversion strategy that discovers mechanical models of binary black hole (BBH) systems. We show that only a single time series of (possibly noisy) waveform data is necessary to construct the equations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-10 Brendan Keith , Akshay Khadse , Scott E. Field