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Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) is a strong and widely used first-order adversarial attack, yet its computational cost scales poorly, as all training samples undergo identical iterative inner-loop optimization despite contributing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Youran Ye , Dejin Wang , Ajinkya Bhandare

Adversarial training has gained great popularity as one of the most effective defenses for deep neural network and more generally for gradient-based machine learning models against adversarial perturbations on data points. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Haotian Gu , Xin Guo , Xinyu Li

Despite strong performance in numerous applications, the fragility of deep learning to input perturbations has raised serious questions about its use in safety-critical domains. While adversarial training can mitigate this issue in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-01 Alexander Robey , Luiz F. O. Chamon , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani , Alejandro Ribeiro

Adversarial Training (AT) with Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) is an effective approach for improving the robustness of the deep neural networks. However, PGD AT has been shown to suffer from two main limitations: i) high computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Ahmadreza Jeddi , Mohammad Javad Shafiee , Alexander Wong

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples and researchers have proposed many heuristic attack and defense mechanisms. We address this problem through the principled lens of distributionally robust optimization, which guarantees…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-04 Aman Sinha , Hongseok Namkoong , Riccardo Volpi , John Duchi

Gradient-based adversarial attacks on deep neural networks pose a serious threat, since they can be deployed by adding imperceptible perturbations to the test data of any network, and the risk they introduce cannot be assessed through the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Rehana Mahfuz , Rajeev Sahay , Aly El Gamal

Adversarial attacks in machine learning traditionally focus on global perturbations to input data, yet the potential of localized adversarial noise remains underexplored. This study systematically evaluates localized adversarial attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Pavan Reddy , Aditya Sanjay Gujral

Evaluating adversarial robustness amounts to finding the minimum perturbation needed to have an input sample misclassified. The inherent complexity of the underlying optimization requires current gradient-based attacks to be carefully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Maura Pintor , Fabio Roli , Wieland Brendel , Battista Biggio

Adversarial attacks against deep learning models represent a major threat to the security and reliability of natural language processing (NLP) systems. In this paper, we propose a modification to the BERT-Attack framework, integrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Hetvi Waghela , Jaydip Sen , Sneha Rakshit

Recent improvements in deep learning models and their practical applications have raised concerns about the robustness of these models against adversarial examples. Adversarial training (AT) has been shown effective to reach a robust model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Mohammad Azizmalayeri , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

This work studies Stackelberg network interdiction games -- an important class of games in which a defender first allocates (randomized) defense resources to a set of critical nodes on a graph while an adversary chooses its path to attack…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Tien Mai , Avinandan Bose , Arunesh Sinha , Thanh H. Nguyen

Generating adversarial examples (AEs) can be formulated as an optimization problem. Among various optimization-based attacks, the gradient-based PGD and the momentum-based MI-FGSM have garnered considerable interest. However, all these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Wei Tao , Sheng Long , Xin Liu , Wei Li , Qing Tao

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown vulnerability to adversarial attacks, i.e., carefully perturbed inputs designed to mislead the network at inference time. Recently introduced localized attacks, Localized and Visible Adversarial Noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Muzammal Naseer , Salman H. Khan , Fatih Porikli

It is well known that adversarial attacks can fool deep neural networks with imperceptible perturbations. Although adversarial training significantly improves model robustness, failure cases of defense still broadly exist. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Boxi Wu , Heng Pan , Li Shen , Jindong Gu , Shuai Zhao , Zhifeng Li , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He , Wei Liu

Adversarial machine learning has been both a major concern and a hot topic recently, especially with the ubiquitous use of deep neural networks in the current landscape. Adversarial attacks and defenses are usually likened to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Ngoc N. Tran , Anh Tuan Bui , Dinh Phung , Trung Le

Imperceptible adversarial attacks have recently attracted increasing research interests. Existing methods typically incorporate external modules or loss terms other than a simple $l_p$-norm into the attack process to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jin Li , Zitong Yu , Ziqiang He , Z. Jane Wang , Xiangui Kang

In recent years, deep neural networks demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in a large variety of tasks and therefore have been adopted in many applications. On the other hand, the latest studies revealed that neural networks are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Jingyang Zhang , Hsin-Pai Cheng , Chunpeng Wu , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

The introduction of robust optimisation has pushed the state-of-the-art in defending against adversarial attacks. Notably, the state-of-the-art projected gradient descent (PGD)-based training method has been shown to be universally and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Ezekiel Soremekun , Sakshi Udeshi , Sudipta Chattopadhyay

We propose a novel data-dependent structured gradient regularizer to increase the robustness of neural networks vis-a-vis adversarial perturbations. Our regularizer can be derived as a controlled approximation from first principles,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-23 Kevin Roth , Aurelien Lucchi , Sebastian Nowozin , Thomas Hofmann

While existing work in robust deep learning has focused on small pixel-level norm-based perturbations, this may not account for perturbations encountered in several real-world settings. In many such cases although test data might not be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Tejas Gokhale , Rushil Anirudh , Bhavya Kailkhura , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan , Chitta Baral , Yezhou Yang