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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of open-world intelligent systems. Despite the notable advancements in existing OOD detection methodologies, our study identifies a significant performance drop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Jiuqing Dong , Yongbin Gao , Heng Zhou , Jun Cen , Yifan Yao , Sook Yoon , Park Dong Sun

Few-shot learning often involves metric learning-based classifiers, which predict the image label by comparing the distance between the extracted feature vector and class representations. However, applying global pooling in the backend of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Inyong Koo , Minki Jeong , Changick Kim

Single image-level annotations only correctly describe an often small subset of an image's content, particularly when complex real-world scenes are depicted. While this might be acceptable in many classification scenarios, it poses a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Markus Hiller , Rongkai Ma , Mehrtash Harandi , Tom Drummond

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is vital to safety-critical machine learning applications and has thus been extensively studied, with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, the field currently lacks a unified,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jingkang Yang , Pengyun Wang , Dejian Zou , Zitang Zhou , Kunyuan Ding , Wenxuan Peng , Haoqi Wang , Guangyao Chen , Bo Li , Yiyou Sun , Xuefeng Du , Kaiyang Zhou , Wayne Zhang , Dan Hendrycks , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Despite recent advances in automatic text recognition, the performance remains moderate when it comes to historical manuscripts. This is mainly because of the scarcity of available labelled data to train the data-hungry Handwritten Text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Giuseppe De Gregorio , Sanket Biswas , Mohamed Ali Souibgui , Asma Bensalah , Josep Lladós , Alicia Fornés , Angelo Marcelli

We tackle the Few-Shot Open-Set Recognition (FSOSR) problem, i.e. classifying instances among a set of classes for which we only have few labeled samples, while simultaneously detecting instances that do not belong to any known class.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Malik Boudiaf , Etienne Bennequin , Myriam Tami , Celine Hudelot , Antoine Toubhans , Pablo Piantanida , Ismail Ben Ayed

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task for ensuring the reliability and safety of deep neural networks in real-world scenarios. Different from most previous OOD detection methods that focus on designing OOD scores or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yao Zhu , YueFeng Chen , Chuanlong Xie , Xiaodan Li , Rong Zhang , Hui Xue , Xiang Tian , bolun zheng , Yaowu Chen

Multimodal fusion, leveraging data like vision and language, is rapidly gaining traction. This enriched data representation improves performance across various tasks. Existing methods for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, a critical area…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Jinglun Li , Xinyu Zhou , Kaixun Jiang , Lingyi Hong , Pinxue Guo , Zhaoyu Chen , Weifeng Ge , Wenqiang Zhang

Despite rapid advances in AI, safety remains the main bottleneck to deploying machine-learning systems. A critical safety component is out-of-distribution detection: given an input, decide whether it comes from the same distribution as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Joonas Järve , Karl Kaspar Haavel , Meelis Kull

We study the problem of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, that is, detecting whether a learning algorithm's output can be trusted at inference time. While a number of tests for OOD detection have been proposed in prior work, a formal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task to ensure the reliability and security of machine learning models deployed in real-world applications. Conventional methods for OOD detection that rely on single-modal information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 K Huang , G Song , Hanwen Su , Jiyan Wang

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task that has garnered significant attention. The emergence of CLIP has spurred extensive research into zero-shot OOD detection, often employing a training-free approach. Current methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Haoran Xu , Yanlin Liu , Zizhao Tong , Jiaze Li , Kexue Fu , Yuyang Zhang , Longxiang Gao , Shuaiguang Li , Xingyu Li , Yanran Xu , Changwei Wang

Few-Shot Learning (FSL) algorithms have made substantial progress in learning novel concepts with just a handful of labelled data. To classify query instances from novel classes encountered at test-time, they only require a support set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Etienne Bennequin , Victor Bouvier , Myriam Tami , Antoine Toubhans , Céline Hudelot

In many applications, we are constrained to learn classifiers from very limited data (few-shot classification). The task becomes even more challenging if it is also required to identify samples from unknown categories (open-set…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Sayak Nag , Dripta S. Raychaudhuri , Sujoy Paul , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

With recent advancements in artificial intelligence, its applications can be seen in every aspect of humans' daily life. From voice assistants to mobile healthcare and autonomous driving, we rely on the performance of AI methods for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Navid Ghassemi , Ehsan Fazl-Ersi

Few-Shot Learning refers to the problem of learning the underlying pattern in the data just from a few training samples. Requiring a large number of data samples, many deep learning solutions suffer from data hunger and extensively high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Archit Parnami , Minwoo Lee

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is critical for safely deploying deep models in open-world environments, where inputs may lie outside the training distribution. During inference on a model trained exclusively with In-Distribution (ID)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiawei Gu , Ziyue Qiao , Zechao Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models in real-world applications. Existing methods typically focus on feature representations or output-space analysis, often assuming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Mostafa ElAraby , Sabyasachi Sahoo , Yann Pequignot , Paul Novello , Liam Paull

It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

Deep learning has led to remarkable strides in scene understanding with panoptic segmentation emerging as a key holistic scene interpretation task. However, the performance of panoptic segmentation is severely impacted in the presence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Rohit Mohan , Kiran Kumaraswamy , Juana Valeria Hurtado , Kürsat Petek , Abhinav Valada