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Term Coding asks: given a finite system of term identities $\Gamma$ in $v$ variables, how large can its solution set be on an $n$--element alphabet, when we are free to choose the interpretations of the function symbols? This turns familiar…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Søren Riis

Given a normal toric algebra $R$, we compute a uniform integer $D = D(R) > 0$ such that the symbolic power $P^{(D N)} \subseteq P^N$ for all $N >0$ and all monomial primes $P$. We compute the multiplier $D$ explicitly in terms of the…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2018-11-26 Robert M. Walker

We argue that generic one-loop scattering amplitudes in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories can be computed equivalently with MHV diagrams or with Feynman diagrams. We first present a general proof of the covariance of one-loop non-MHV…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Andreas Brandhuber , Bill Spence , Gabriele Travaglini

In massless quantum field theories the Landau equations are invariant under graph operations familiar from the theory of electrical circuits. Using a theorem on the $Y$-$\Delta$ reducibility of planar circuits we prove that the set of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-29 Igor Prlina , Marcus Spradlin , Stefan Stanojevic

We study cluster adjacency conjectures for amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We show that the n-point one-loop NMHV ratio function satisfies Steinmann cluster adjacency. We also show that the one-loop BDS-like…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-03 Jorge Mago , Anders Schreiber , Marcus Spradlin , Anastasia Volovich

Evidence has recently emerged for a hidden symmetry of scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory called dual conformal symmetry. At weak coupling the presence of this symmetry has been observed through five loops, while at strong…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Dung Nguyen , Marcus Spradlin , Anastasia Volovich

We translate between different formulations of Yangian invariants relevant for the computation of tree-level scattering amplitudes in N=4 super-Yang--Mills theory. While the R-operator formulation allows to relate scattering amplitudes to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-08-27 Johannes Broedel , Marius de Leeuw , Matteo Rosso

Symbolic (or Literal) Neutrosophic Theory is referring to the use of abstract symbols (i.e. the letters T, I, F, or their refined indexed letters Tj, Ik, Fl) in neutrosophics. We extend the dialectical triad thesis-antithesis-synthesis to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-02 Florentin Smarandache

Two-loop corrections to scattering amplitudes are crucial theoretical input for collider physics. Recent years have seen tremendous advances in computing Feynman integrals, scattering amplitudes, and cross sections for five-particle…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-30 Johannes Henn , Tiziano Peraro , Yingxuan Xu , Yang Zhang

For correlators in $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills preserving half the supersymmetry, we manifestly recast the gauge theory Feynman diagram expansion as a sum over dual closed strings. Each individual Feynman diagram maps on to a Riemann…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-19 Rajesh Gopakumar , Rishabh Kaushik , Shota Komatsu , Edward A. Mazenc , Debmalya Sarkar

Wilson loop diagrams are an important tool in studying scattering amplitudes of SYM $N=4$ theory and are known by previous work to be associated to positroids. We characterize the conditions under which two Wilson loop diagrams give the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Susama Agarwala , Siân Fryer , Karen Yeats

The dual formulation of planar N = 4 super-Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes makes manifest that the integrand has only logarithmic singularities and no poles at infinity. Recently, Arkani-Hamed, Bourjaily, Cachazo and Trnka conjectured the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-02 Zvi Bern , Enrico Herrmann , Sean Litsey , James Stankowicz , Jaroslav Trnka

Exploiting singularities in Feynman integrals to get information about scattering amplitudes has been particularly useful at one-loop in theories where no triangles or bubbles appear. At higher loops the integrals possess subtle…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-04 Freddy Cachazo , David Skinner

We use a result on mixed Tate motives due to Goncharov (arXiv:alg-geom/9601021) to show that the symbol of an arbitrary one-loop 2m-gon integral in 2m dimensions may be read off directly from its Feynman parameterization. The algorithm…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-28 Marcus Spradlin , Anastasia Volovich

We present the complete integrands of five-point superamplitudes in N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory and N=8 supergravity, at one and two loops, for four-dimensional external states and D-dimensional internal kinematics. For N=4 super-Yang-Mills…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-01-18 John Joseph M. Carrasco , Henrik Johansson

The coefficients of the higher-derivative terms in the low energy expansion of genus-one graviton Type II superstring scattering amplitudes are determined by integrating sums of non-holomorphic modular functions over the complex structure…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-19 Eric D'Hoker , Michael B. Green , Pierre Vanhove

Recently, a worldsheet dual to free ${\cal N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills has been proposed in terms of twistor variables for ${\rm AdS}_5$, in parallel to that for the ${\rm AdS}_3$ dual to the free symmetric orbifold CFT. In the latter case,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-08 Faizan Bhat , Rajesh Gopakumar , Pronobesh Maity , Bharathkumar Radhakrishnan

In this paper, we explore the cluster algebras for symbol letters or singularities of cosmological correlators in a conformally coupled scalar field theory. We show that the symbol letters for tree-level n-site ladder cosmological…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-18 Pouria Mazloumi , Xiaofeng Xu

We use Pure Spinor String Theory to construct suitable building blocks to arrange the structure of supergravity amplitudes with n-points and at higher loops in a very convenient way. Following Mafra et al. proposal for N=4 super Yang-Mills…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-21 P. A. Grassi , L. Sommovigo

In this paper, we explore the recursive structure of Baikov representations for Feynman integrals. We demonstrate that the various Baikov representations for all sectors of an integral family can be organized in a tree-like structure. Using…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-10-12 Xuhang Jiang , Li Lin Yang