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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant promise in automated theorem proving, yet progress is often constrained by the scarcity of diverse and high-quality formal language data. To address this issue, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xinyuan Zhou , Yi Lei , Xiaoyu Zhou , Jingyi Sun , Yu Zhu , Zhongyi Ye , Weitai Zhang , Quan Liu , Si Wei , Cong Liu

Formally verifying properties of software code has been a highly desirable task, especially with the emergence of LLM-generated code. In the same vein, they provide an interesting avenue for the exploration of formal verification and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Balaji Rao , William Eiers , Carlo Lipizzi

Causal reasoning is a cornerstone of how humans interpret the world. To model and reason about causality, causal graphs offer a concise yet effective solution. Given the impressive advancements in language models, a crucial question arises:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Sirui Chen , Mengying Xu , Kun Wang , Xingyu Zeng , Rui Zhao , Shengjie Zhao , Chaochao Lu

In this paper, we propose a comprehensive benchmark to investigate models' logical reasoning capabilities in complex real-life scenarios. Current explanation datasets often employ synthetic data with simple reasoning structures. Therefore,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Yinya Huang , Hongming Zhang , Ruixin Hong , Xiaodan Liang , Changshui Zhang , Dong Yu

Understanding the contents of multimodal documents is essential to accurately extract relevant evidence and use it for reasoning. Existing document understanding models tend to generate answers with a single word or phrase directly,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Jinxu Zhang

LangPro is an automated theorem prover for natural language (https://github.com/kovvalsky/LangPro). Given a set of premises and a hypothesis, it is able to prove semantic relations between them. The prover is based on a version of analytic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Lasha Abzianidze

We study the interpretability issue of task-oriented dialogue systems in this paper. Previously, most neural-based task-oriented dialogue systems employ an implicit reasoning strategy that makes the model predictions uninterpretable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Shiquan Yang , Rui Zhang , Sarah Erfani , Jey Han Lau

Reasoning has substantially improved the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complicated tasks. Central to the current reasoning studies, Process Reward Models (PRMs) offer a fine-grained evaluation of intermediate reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Cao , Ruiyi Wang , Ruiyi Zhang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Recent work has shown that a multilingual neural machine translation (NMT) model can be used to judge how well a sentence paraphrases another sentence in the same language (Thompson and Post, 2020); however, attempting to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Brian Thompson , Matt Post

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a pivotal mechanism for enhancing the complex reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, prevailing paradigms typically rely on solitary rollout strategies where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Lingzhuang Sun , Ruitong Liu , Yuxia Zhu , Xiaohan Xu , Jingxuan Wei , Xiangxiang Zhang , Bihui Yu , Wentao Zhang

Stories generated with neural language models have shown promise in grammatical and stylistic consistency. However, the generated stories are still lacking in common sense reasoning, e.g., they often contain sentences deprived of world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Huanru Henry Mao , Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder , Julian McAuley , Garrison W. Cottrell

While counterfactual examples are useful for analysis and training of NLP models, current generation methods either rely on manual labor to create very few counterfactuals, or only instantiate limited types of perturbations such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Tongshuang Wu , Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Jeffrey Heer , Daniel S. Weld

The black-box nature of neural models has motivated a line of research that aims to generate natural language rationales to explain why a model made certain predictions. Such rationale generation models, to date, have been trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Faeze Brahman , Vered Shwartz , Rachel Rudinger , Yejin Choi

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on final-answer mathematical problems, largely due to the ease of applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. However, the reasoning underlying these solutions is often…

As recommender systems become increasingly sophisticated and complex, they often suffer from lack of fairness and transparency. Providing robust and unbiased explanations for recommendations has been drawing more and more attention as it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Bingbing Wen , Yunhe Feng , Yongfeng Zhang , Chirag Shah

Multi-role dialogue summarization requires modeling complex interactions among multiple speakers while preserving role-specific information and factual consistency. However, most existing methods optimize for automatic metrics such as ROUGE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Xiaoyong Mei , Tingting Zuo , Da Chen , Guangyu Hu , Xiangyu Wen , Chao Duan , Mingyan Zhang , Fudan Zheng

Autoformalization aims to produce formal statements that compile and faithfully preserve the intended meaning of informal mathematics. Yet standard single-output evaluation protocols collapse a many-to-many problem into a single-output…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haijian Lu , Wei Wang , Jing Liu

The explainability of a robot's actions is crucial to its acceptance in social spaces. Explaining why a robot fails to complete a given task is particularly important for non-expert users to be aware of the robot's capabilities and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Pradip Pramanick , Silvia Rossi

A plausible future mathematical claim must satisfy two constraints: it should follow the direction of prior work and respect the formal dependencies that constrain what can validly follow. Existing approaches typically model only one of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 David Busbib , Michael Werman

Despite significant advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), developing advanced reasoning capabilities in LLMs remains a key challenge. Process Reward Models (PRMs) have demonstrated exceptional promise in enhancing reasoning by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Miao Peng , Nuo Chen , Zongrui Suo , Jia Li