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Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly adopted in job shop scheduling problems (JSSP). But RL for JSSP is usually done using a vectorized representation of machine features as the state space. It has three major problems: (1) the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Mohammed Sharafath Abdul Hameed , Andreas Schwung

Job shop scheduling problems (JSSPs) represent a critical and challenging class of combinatorial optimization problems. Recent years have witnessed a rapid increase in the application of graph neural networks (GNNs) to solve JSSPs, albeit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Igor G. Smit , Jianan Zhou , Robbert Reijnen , Yaoxin Wu , Jian Chen , Cong Zhang , Zaharah Bukhsh , Yingqian Zhang , Wim Nuijten

The job shop scheduling problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem relevant to manufacturing and timetabling. Traditional approaches use priority dispatching rules based on simple heuristics. Recent work has attempted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Pablo Ariño Fernández

Recent studies in using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve Job-shop scheduling problems (JSSP) focus on construction heuristics. However, their performance is still far from optimality, mainly because the underlying graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Cong Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Wen Song , Yaoxin Wu , Jie Zhang

Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is a combinatorial optimization problem where tasks need to be scheduled on machines in order to minimize criteria such as makespan or delay. To address more realistic scenarios, we associate a probability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Guillaume Infantes , Stéphanie Roussel , Pierre Pereira , Antoine Jacquet , Emmanuel Benazera

Solving job shop scheduling problems (JSSPs) with a fixed strategy, such as a priority dispatching rule, may yield satisfactory results for several problem instances but, nevertheless, insufficient results for others. From this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Constantin Waubert de Puiseau , Hasan Tercan , Tobias Meisen

The classical Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) focuses on optimizing makespan under deterministic constraints. Real-world production environments introduce additional complexities that cause traditional scheduling approaches to be less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jonathan Hoss , Felix Schelling , Noah Klarmann

Priority dispatching rule (PDR) is widely used for solving real-world Job-shop scheduling problem (JSSP). However, the design of effective PDRs is a tedious task, requiring a myriad of specialized knowledge and often delivering limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Cong Zhang , Wen Song , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang , Puay Siew Tan , Chi Xu

Efficient job allocation in complex scheduling problems poses significant challenges in real-world applications. In this report, we propose a novel approach that leverages the power of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Graph Neural Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Lars C. P. M. Quaedvlieg

In scheduling problems common in the industry and various real-world scenarios, responding in real-time to disruptive events is essential. Recent methods propose the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to learn policies capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Imanol Echeverria , Maialen Murua , Roberto Santana

The dynamic job-shop scheduling problem (DJSP) is a class of scheduling tasks that specifically consider the inherent uncertainties such as changing order requirements and possible machine breakdown in realistic smart manufacturing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Yunhui Zeng , Zijun Liao , Yuanzhi Dai , Rong Wang , Xiu Li , Bo Yuan

The Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is commonly formulated as a disjunctive graph in which nodes represent operations and edges encode technological precedence constraints as well as machine-sharing conflicts. Most existing reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Bulent Soykan

This paper explores the potential application of Deep Reinforcement Learning in the furniture industry. To offer a broad product portfolio, most furniture manufacturers are organized as a job shop, which ultimately results in the Job Shop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Malte Schneevogt , Karsten Binninger , Noah Klarmann

The Jobs shop Scheduling Problem (JSP) is a canonical combinatorial optimization problem that is routinely solved for a variety of industrial purposes. It models the optimal scheduling of multiple sequences of tasks, each under a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 James Kotary , Ferdinando Fioretto , Pascal Van Hentenryck

This paper proposes a novel Variational Graph-to-Scheduler (VG2S) framework for solving the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP), a critical task in manufacturing that directly impacts operational efficiency and resource utilization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Seung Heon Oh , Jiwon Baek , Ki Young Cho , Hee Chang Yoon , Jong Hun Woo

We propose ScheduleNet, a RL-based real-time scheduler, that can solve various types of multi-agent scheduling problems. We formulate these problems as a semi-MDP with episodic reward (makespan) and learn ScheduleNet, a decentralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Junyoung Park , Sanjar Bakhtiyar , Jinkyoo Park

Job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) is a mathematical optimization problem widely used in industries like manufacturing, and flexible JSP (FJSP) is also a common variant. Since they are NP-hard, it is intractable to find the optimal solution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Kuo-Hao Ho , Ruei-Yu Jheng , Ji-Han Wu , Fan Chiang , Yen-Chi Chen , Yuan-Yu Wu , I-Chen Wu

The scheduling of production resources (such as associating jobs to machines) plays a vital role for the manufacturing industry not only for saving energy but also for increasing the overall efficiency. Among the different job scheduling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Deepak Vivekanandan , Samuel Wirth , Patrick Karlbauer , Noah Klarmann

The Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP) is the optimal allocation of a set of jobs to machines. Two primary challenges persist in FJSP: the unpredictable arrival of future jobs and the combinatorial complexity of the problem,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yu Tang , Muhammad Zakwan , Efe Balta , John Lygeros , Alisa Rupenyan

Job scheduling is a well-known Combinatorial Optimization problem with endless applications. Well planned schedules bring many benefits in the context of automated systems: among others, they limit production costs and waste. Nevertheless,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Giovanni Bonetta , Davide Zago , Rossella Cancelliere , Andrea Grosso
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