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Automated construction of bilingual dictionaries using monolingual embedding spaces is a core challenge in machine translation. The end performance of these dictionaries relies upon the geometric similarity of individual spaces, i.e., their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Muhammad Asif Ali , Yan Hu , Jianbin Qin , Di Wang

Sentence embedding techniques aim to encode key concepts of a sentence's meaning in a vector space. However, the majority of evaluation approaches for sentence embedding quality rely on the use of additional classifiers or downstream tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Paul Keuren , Marc Ponsen , Robert Ayoub Bagheri

Studies of morphological processing have shown that semantic transparency is crucial for word recognition. Its computational operationalization is still under discussion. Our primary objectives are to explore embedding-based measures of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 M. Maziyah Mohamed , R. H. Baayen

Do word embeddings converge to learn similar things over different initializations? How repeatable are experiments with word embeddings? Are all word embedding techniques equally reliable? In this paper we propose evaluating methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-13 Yingtao Tian , Vivek Kulkarni , Bryan Perozzi , Steven Skiena

We analyze three critical components of word embedding training: the model, the corpus, and the training parameters. We systematize existing neural-network-based word embedding algorithms and compare them using the same corpus. We evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-07-21 Siwei Lai , Kang Liu , Liheng Xu , Jun Zhao

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for text classification based on clustering word embeddings, inspired by the bag of visual words model, which is widely used in computer vision. After each word in a collection of documents is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-26 Andrei M. Butnaru , Radu Tudor Ionescu

We propose an unsupervised method to obtain cross-lingual embeddings without any parallel data or pre-trained word embeddings. The proposed model, which we call multilingual neural language models, takes sentences of multiple languages as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Takashi Wada , Tomoharu Iwata

Acoustic word embeddings are fixed-dimensional representations of variable-length speech segments. In settings where unlabelled speech is the only available resource, such embeddings can be used in "zero-resource" speech search, indexing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Herman Kamper , Yevgen Matusevych , Sharon Goldwater

Word embeddings are a powerful approach for capturing semantic similarity among terms in a vocabulary. In this paper, we develop exponential family embeddings, a class of methods that extends the idea of word embeddings to other types of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-22 Maja R. Rudolph , Francisco J. R. Ruiz , Stephan Mandt , David M. Blei

In this paper, we introduce personalized word embeddings, and examine their value for language modeling. We compare the performance of our proposed prediction model when using personalized versus generic word representations, and study how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Charles Welch , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld , Verónica Pérez-Rosas , Rada Mihalcea

Search behaviour is characterised using synonymy and polysemy as users often want to search information based on meaning. Semantic representation strategies represent a move towards richer associative connections that can adequately capture…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Niall McCarroll , Kevin Curran , Eugene McNamee , Angela Clist , Andrew Brammer

This paper proposes a modularized sense induction and representation learning model that jointly learns bilingual sense embeddings that align well in the vector space, where the cross-lingual signal in the English-Chinese parallel corpus is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Ta-Chung Chi , Yun-Nung Chen

Word similarity has many applications to social science and cultural analytics tasks like measuring meaning change over time and making sense of contested terms. Yet traditional similarity methods based on cosine similarity between word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Kaitlyn Zhou , Haishan Gao , Sarah Chen , Dan Edelstein , Dan Jurafsky , Chen Shani

Despite an ever growing number of word representation models introduced for a large number of languages, there is a lack of a standardized technique to provide insights into what is captured by these models. Such insights would help the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Gözde Gül Şahin , Clara Vania , Ilia Kuznetsov , Iryna Gurevych

Word embeddings have been shown to benefit from ensambling several word embedding sources, often carried out using straightforward mathematical operations over the set of word vectors. More recently, self-supervised learning has been used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-27 James O' Neill , Danushka Bollegala

Compositionality in language refers to how much the meaning of some phrase can be decomposed into the meaning of its constituents and the way these constituents are combined. Based on the premise that substitution by synonyms is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Christina Lioma , Niels Dalum Hansen

In this paper, we propose three novel models to enhance word embedding by implicitly using morphological information. Experiments on word similarity and syntactic analogy show that the implicit models are superior to traditional explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Yang Xu , Jiawei Liu

We propose semantic smoothing, a smoothing method for language models that uses embeddings to share statistical observations across semantically similar contexts. The starting point is a decomposition of log-perplexity that motivates…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Haricharan Balasundaram , Swathi Shree Narashiman , Pranay Mathur , Andrew Thangaraj

Despite the recent achievements made in the multi-modal emotion recognition task, two problems still exist and have not been well investigated: 1) the relationship between different emotion categories are not utilized, which leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Wenliang Dai , Zihan Liu , Tiezheng Yu , Pascale Fung

The image captioning task is about to generate suitable descriptions from images. For this task there can be several challenges such as accuracy, fluency and diversity. However there are few metrics that can cover all these properties while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Chao Zeng , Sam Kwong