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The field of fair machine learning aims to ensure that decisions guided by algorithms are equitable. Over the last decade, several formal, mathematical definitions of fairness have gained prominence. Here we first assemble and categorize…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Sam Corbett-Davies , Johann D. Gaebler , Hamed Nilforoshan , Ravi Shroff , Sharad Goel

Automated decision making based on big data and machine learning (ML) algorithms can result in discriminatory decisions against certain protected groups defined upon personal data like gender, race, sexual orientation etc. Such algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Vasileios Iosifidis , Besnik Fetahu , Eirini Ntoutsi

Fairness-aware learning aims to mitigate discrimination against specific protected social groups (e.g., those categorized by gender, ethnicity, age) while minimizing predictive performance loss. Despite efforts to improve fairness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Kewen Peng , Yicheng Yang , Hao Zhuo

We study fairness in collaborative-filtering recommender systems, which are sensitive to discrimination that exists in historical data. Biased data can lead collaborative-filtering methods to make unfair predictions for users from minority…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Sirui Yao , Bert Huang

Recommendation algorithms typically build models based on historical user-item interactions (e.g., clicks, likes, or ratings) to provide a personalized ranked list of items. These interactions are often distributed unevenly over different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Ziwei Zhu , Jianling Wang , James Caverlee

We present a framework for quantifying and mitigating algorithmic bias in mechanisms designed for ranking individuals, typically used as part of web-scale search and recommendation systems. We first propose complementary measures to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Sahin Cem Geyik , Stuart Ambler , Krishnaram Kenthapadi

Fairness in machine learning has attained significant focus due to the widespread application in high-stake decision-making tasks. Unregulated machine learning classifiers can exhibit bias towards certain demographic groups in data, thus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Debabrota Basu , Kuldeep S. Meel

As machine learning is increasingly used to make real-world decisions, recent research efforts aim to define and ensure fairness in algorithmic decision making. Existing methods often assume a fixed set of observable features to define…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-11 YooJung Choi , Golnoosh Farnadi , Behrouz Babaki , Guy Van den Broeck

We study fairness in supervised few-shot meta-learning models that are sensitive to discrimination (or bias) in historical data. A machine learning model trained based on biased data tends to make unfair predictions for users from minority…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Chen Zhao , Feng Chen

Machine Learning (ML) systems are increasingly used to support decision-making processes that affect individuals. However, these systems often rely on biased data, which can lead to unfair outcomes against specific groups. With the growing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Joana Simões , João Correia

Machine learning (ML) algorithms are increasingly deployed to make critical decisions in socioeconomic applications such as finance, criminal justice, and autonomous driving. However, due to their data-driven and pattern-seeking nature, ML…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Verya Monjezi , Ashish Kumar , Ashutosh Trivedi , Gang Tan , Saeid Tizpaz-Niari

Mitigating algorithmic bias is a critical task in the development and deployment of machine learning models. While several toolkits exist to aid machine learning practitioners in addressing fairness issues, little is known about the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Zahra Ashktorab , Benjamin Hoover , Mayank Agarwal , Casey Dugan , Werner Geyer , Hao Bang Yang , Mikhail Yurochkin

Applications based on Machine Learning models have now become an indispensable part of the everyday life and the professional world. A critical question then recently arised among the population: Do algorithmic decisions convey any type of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-07 Philippe Besse , Eustasio del Barrio , Paula Gordaliza , Jean-Michel Loubes , Laurent Risser

Most approaches in algorithmic fairness constrain machine learning methods so the resulting predictions satisfy one of several intuitive notions of fairness. While this may help private companies comply with non-discrimination laws or avoid…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-08 Matt J. Kusner , Chris Russell , Joshua R. Loftus , Ricardo Silva

To ensure unbiased and ethical automated predictions, fairness must be a core principle in machine learning applications. Fairness in machine learning aims to mitigate biases present in the training data and model imperfections that could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jan Pablo Burgard , João Vitor Pamplona

Algorithms learned from data are increasingly used for deciding many aspects in our life: from movies we see, to prices we pay, or medicine we get. Yet there is growing evidence that decision making by inappropriately trained algorithms may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Indre Zliobaite

Fairness-aware learning involves designing algorithms that do not discriminate with respect to some sensitive feature (e.g., race or gender). Existing work on the problem operates under the assumption that the sensitive feature available in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Alexandre Louis Lamy , Ziyuan Zhong , Aditya Krishna Menon , Nakul Verma

Machine learning based systems are reaching society at large and in many aspects of everyday life. This phenomenon has been accompanied by concerns about the ethical issues that may arise from the adoption of these technologies. ML fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Luca Oneto , Silvia Chiappa

The treatment of fairness in decision-making literature usually involves quantifying fairness using objective measures. This work takes a critical stance to highlight the limitations of these approaches (group fairness and individual…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sarra Tajouri , Alexis Tsoukiàs

Although many fairness criteria have been proposed to ensure that machine learning algorithms do not exhibit or amplify our existing social biases, these algorithms are trained on datasets that can themselves be statistically biased. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Yiqiao Liao , Parinaz Naghizadeh