English
Related papers

Related papers: Crime and Mismeasured Punishment: Marginal Treatme…

200 papers

Generalizing causal knowledge across diverse environments is challenging, especially when estimates from large-scale datasets must be applied to smaller or systematically different contexts, where external validity is critical. Model-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-19 Seyda Betul Aydin , Holger Brandt

The propensity score is a common tool for estimating the causal effect of a binary treatment in observational data. In this setting, matching, subclassification, imputation, or inverse probability weighting on the propensity score can…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-03 Michael J Lopez , Roee Gutman

This paper concerns estimation and inference for treatment effects in deep tails of the counterfactual distribution of unobservable potential outcomes corresponding to a continuously valued treatment. We consider two measures for the deep…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-02 Wei Huang , Shuo Li , Liuhua Peng

The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is the best measure of individual causal effects given baseline covariates. However, the CATE only captures the (conditional) average, and can overlook risks and tail events, which are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-05 Nathan Kallus , Miruna Oprescu

We propose and discuss a Bayesian procedure to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) for multilevel observations in the presence of confounding. We focus on situations where the confounders may be latent (e.g., spatial latent…

Quantifying treatment effect heterogeneity is a crucial task in many areas of causal inference, e.g. optimal treatment allocation and estimation of subgroup effects. We study the problem of estimating the level sets of the conditional…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-03 Matteo Bonvini , Edward H. Kennedy , Luke J. Keele

With medical tests becoming increasingly available, concerns about over-testing and over-treatment dramatically increase. Hence, it is important to understand the influence of testing on treatment selection in general practice. Most…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-11 Yun Li , Irina Bondarenko , Michael R. Elliott , Timothy P. Hofer , Jeremy M. G. Taylor

This paper shows that the Conditional Quantile Treatment Effect on the Treated can be identified using a combination of (i) a conditional Distributional Difference in Differences assumption and (ii) an assumption on the conditional…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-14 Brantly Callaway , Tong Li , Tatsushi Oka

In randomized experiments, interactions between units might generate a treatment diffusion process. This is common when the treatment of interest is an actual object or product that can be shared among peers (e.g., flyers, booklets,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-17 Costanza Tortú , Irene Crimaldi , Fabrizia Mealli , Laura Forastiere

This study investigates the identification of marginal treatment responses within multi-valued treatment models. Extending the hyper-rectangle model introduced by Lee and Salanie (2018), this paper relaxes restrictive assumptions, including…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-08 Xunkang Tian

Factorial experiments are ubiquitous in the social and biomedical sciences, but when units fail to comply with each assigned factors, identification and estimation of the average treatment effects become impossible without strong…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-06 Matthew Blackwell , Nicole E. Pashley

There is a dearth of robust methods to estimate the causal effects of multiple treatments when the outcome is binary. This paper uses two unique sets of simulations to propose and evaluate the use of Bayesian Additive Regression Trees…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-22 Liangyuan Hu , Chenyang Gu , Michael Lopez , Jiayi Ji , Juan Wisnivesky

In this paper I develop a breakdown frontier approach to assess the sensitivity of Local Average Treatment Effects (LATE) estimates to violations of monotonicity and independence of the instrument. I parametrize violations of independence…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-31 Pedro Picchetti

In the presence of treatment effect heterogeneity, the average treatment effect (ATE) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) may differ from the average effect of the same treatment if applied to a target population of interest. If all…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-02 Trang Quynh Nguyen , Cyrus Ebnesajjad , Stephen R. Cole , Elizabeth A. Stuart

An important aspect of the performance of algorithms that predict individualized treatment effects (ITE) is moderate calibration, i.e., the average treatment effect among individuals with predicted treatment effect of z being equal to z.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-10 Mohsen Sadatsafavi , Jeroen Hoogland , Thomas P. A. Debray , John Petkau

The conditional tail average treatment effect (CTATE) is defined as a difference between the conditional tail expectations of potential outcomes, which can capture heterogeneity and deliver aggregated local information on treatment effects…

Applications · Statistics 2024-05-21 Le-Yu Chen , Yu-Min Yen

In the context of individual-level causal inference, we study the problem of predicting whether someone will respond or not to a treatment based on their features and past examples of features, treatment indicator (e.g., drug/no drug), and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-04 Nathan Kallus

We examine the challenges in ranking multiple treatments based on their estimated effects when using linear regression or its popular double-machine-learning variant, the Partially Linear Model (PLM), in the presence of treatment effect…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-06 Apoorva Lal

In program evaluations, units can often anticipate the implementation of a new policy before it occurs. Such anticipatory behavior can lead to units' outcomes becoming dependent on their future treatment assignments. In this paper, I employ…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-12-02 Aibo Gong

Previous work on causal inference has primarily focused on averages and conditional averages of treatment effects, with significantly less attention on variability and uncertainty in individual treatment responses. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Liyuan Xu , Bijan Mazaheri