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Current AI/ML methods for data-driven engineering use models that are mostly trained offline. Such models can be expensive to build in terms of communication and computing cost, and they rely on data that is collected over extended periods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Xiaoxuan Wang , Rolf Stadler

Classification and Regression Tree (CART), Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) are probably the most popular set of statistical learning methods. However, their statistical consistency can only be proved under very…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Haoran Zhan , Yu Liu , Yingcun Xia

We argue that comprehensive out-of-sample (OOS) evaluation using statistical decision theory (SDT) should replace the current practice of K-fold and Common Task Framework validation in machine learning (ML) research on prediction. SDT…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-18 Jeff Dominitz , Charles F. Manski

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are showing substantial promise in segmenting oncologic positron emission tomography (PET) images. For clinical translation of these methods, assessing their performance on clinically relevant…

Medical Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 Ziping Liu , Joyce C. Mhlanga , Barry A. Siegel , Abhinav K. Jha

Tree-based models are widely recognized for their interpretability and have proven effective in various application domains, particularly in high-stakes domains. However, learning decision trees (DTs) poses a significant challenge due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sascha Marton

Bayesian networks are a powerful framework for studying the dependency structure of variables in a complex system. The problem of learning Bayesian networks is tightly associated with the given data type. Ordinal data, such as stages of…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-15 Xiang Ge Luo , Giusi Moffa , Jack Kuipers

Recent years have witnessed the promise of coupling machine learning methods and physical domain-specific insights for solving scientific problems based on partial differential equations (PDEs). However, being data-intensive, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wuyang Chen , Jialin Song , Pu Ren , Shashank Subramanian , Dmitriy Morozov , Michael W. Mahoney

Occlusions are a significant challenge to human pose estimation algorithms, often resulting in inaccurate and anatomically implausible poses. Although current occlusion-robust human pose estimation algorithms exhibit impressive performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Arindam Dutta , Sarosij Bose , Saketh Bachu , Calvin-Khang Ta , Konstantinos Karydis , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) are a promising approach to learn dynamic models from time-series data in science and engineering applications. This work aims at learning Neural ODE for stiff systems, which are usually raised…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Suyong Kim , Weiqi Ji , Sili Deng , Yingbo Ma , Christopher Rackauckas

Tracking the pose of instruments is a central problem in image-guided surgery. For microscopic scenarios, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is increasingly used as an imaging modality. OCT is suitable for accurate pose estimation due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Nils Gessert , Matthias Schlüter , Alexander Schlaefer

ODTLearn is an open-source Python package that provides methods for learning optimal decision trees for high-stakes predictive and prescriptive tasks based on the mixed-integer optimization (MIO) framework proposed in (Aghaei et al., 2021)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-03 Patrick Vossler , Sina Aghaei , Nathan Justin , Nathanael Jo , Andrés Gómez , Phebe Vayanos

Conventional decision trees have a number of favorable properties, including interpretability, a small computational footprint and the ability to learn from little training data. However, they lack a key quality that has helped fuel the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-08 Thomas Hehn , Fred A. Hamprecht

Interpretability of reinforcement learning policies is essential for many real-world tasks but learning such interpretable policies is a hard problem. Particularly rule-based policies such as decision trees and rules lists are difficult to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Daniël Vos , Sicco Verwer

Optimal decision tree (\odt) is a fundamental problem arising in applications such as active learning, entity identification, and medical diagnosis. An instance of \odt is given by $m$ hypotheses, out of which an unknown ``true'' hypothesis…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhengjia Zhuo , Viswanath Nagarajan

Conducting efficient performance estimations of neural architectures is a major challenge in neural architecture search (NAS). To reduce the architecture training costs in NAS, one-shot estimators (OSEs) amortize the architecture training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Xuefei Ning , Changcheng Tang , Wenshuo Li , Zixuan Zhou , Shuang Liang , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

We introduce online probabilistic label trees (OPLTs), an algorithm that trains a label tree classifier in a fully online manner without any prior knowledge about the number of training instances, their features and labels. OPLTs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Kalina Jasinska-Kobus , Marek Wydmuch , Devanathan Thiruvenkatachari , Krzysztof Dembczyński

Supervised machine learning algorithms, especially in the medical domain, are affected by considerable ambiguity in expert markings. In this study we address the case where the experts' opinion is obtained as a distribution over the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-29 Eytan Kats , Jacob Goldberger , Hayit Greenspan

Within the domain of medical image analysis, three distinct methodologies have demonstrated commendable accuracy: Neural Networks, Decision Trees, and Ensemble-Based Learning Algorithms, particularly in the specialized context of genstro…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zeshan Khan

The effect of training data size on machine learning methods has been well investigated over the past two decades. The predictive performance of tree based machine learning methods, in general, improves with a decreasing rate as the size of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-01 Zardad Khan , Naz Gul , Nosheen Faiz , Asma Gul , Werner Adler , Berthold Lausen

Online learning algorithms have become a ubiquitous tool in the machine learning toolbox and are frequently used in small, resource-constraint environments. Among the most successful online learning methods are Decision Tree (DT) ensembles.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Sebastian Buschjäger , Sibylle Hess , Katharina Morik