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We study the problem of imputing missing values in a dataset, which has important applications in many domains. The key to missing value imputation is to capture the data distribution with incomplete samples and impute the missing values…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 He Zhao , Ke Sun , Amir Dezfouli , Edwin Bonilla

Multivariate time-series data are used in many classification and regression predictive tasks, and recurrent models have been widely used for such tasks. Most common recurrent models assume that time-series data elements are of equal length…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Mehak Gupta , Rahmatollah Beheshti

We consider regression models with parametric (linear or nonlinear) regression function and allow responses to be ``missing at random.'' We assume that the errors have mean zero and are independent of the covariates. In order to estimate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-24 Ursula U. Müller

We investigate methods for parameter learning from incomplete data that is not missing at random. Likelihood-based methods then require the optimization of a profile likelihood that takes all possible missingness mechanisms into account.…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-07-02 Manfred Jaeger

Missing values are unavoidable in many applications of machine learning and present challenges both during training and at test time. When variables are missing in recurring patterns, fitting separate pattern submodels have been proposed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Lena Stempfle , Ashkan Panahi , Fredrik D. Johansson

Minimizing the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is a key objective in machine learning and is commonly used for imputing missing values. While this approach provides accurate point estimates, it introduces systematic biases in downstream analyses.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-06 Stef van Buuren

The earth system is exceedingly complex and often chaotic in nature, making prediction incredibly challenging: we cannot expect to make perfect predictions all of the time. Instead, we look for specific states of the system that lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Elizabeth A. Barnes , Randal J. Barnes

Structural missingness breaks 'just impute and train': values can be undefined by causal or logical constraints, and the mask may depend on observed variables, unobserved variables (MNAR), and other missingness indicators. It simultaneously…

The problem of missing data, usually absent incurated and competition-standard datasets, is an unfortunate reality for most machine learning models used in industry applications. Recent work has focused on understanding the nature and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Spyridon Mouselinos , Kyriakos Polymenakos , Antonis Nikitakis , Konstantinos Kyriakopoulos

Imputing missing values is an important preprocessing step in data analysis, but the literature offers little guidance on how to choose between different imputation models. This letter suggests adopting the imputation model that generates a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-13 Moritz Marbach

Missing data are a concern in many real world data sets and imputation methods are often needed to estimate the values of missing data, but data sets with excessive missingness and high dimensionality challenge most approaches to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-22 Andrew J. Becker , James P. Bagrow

Many data mining and data analysis techniques operate on dense matrices or complete tables of data. Real-world data sets, however, often contain unknown values. Even many classification algorithms that are designed to operate with missing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-12-20 Michael S. Gashler , Michael R. Smith , Richard Morris , Tony Martinez

Quantitative measurements produced by mass spectrometry proteomics experiments offer a direct way to explore the role of proteins in molecular mechanisms. However, analysis of such data is challenging due to the large proportion of missing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-22 Haeun Moon , Jin-Hong Du , Jing Lei , Kathryn Roeder

Data for which a set of objects is described by multiple distinct feature sets (called views) is known as multi-view data. When missing values occur in multi-view data, all features in a view are likely to be missing simultaneously. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-21 Wouter van Loon , Marjolein Fokkema , Frank de Vos , Marisa Koini , Reinhold Schmidt , Mark de Rooij

Missing data is a systemic problem in practical scenarios that causes noise and bias when estimating treatment effects. This makes treatment effect estimation from data with missingness a particularly tricky endeavour. A key reason for this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-27 Jeroen Berrevoets , Fergus Imrie , Trent Kyono , James Jordon , Mihaela van der Schaar

Incomplete data are common in real-world applications. Sensors fail, records are inconsistent, and datasets collected from different sources often differ in scale, sampling rate, and quality. These differences create missing values that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Zalish Mahmud , Anantaa Kotal , Aritran Piplai

In the last couple of decades, there has been major advancements in the domain of missing data imputation. The techniques in the domain include amongst others: Expectation Maximization, Neural Networks with Evolutionary Algorithms or…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-12-07 Collins Leke , Tshilidzi Marwala , Satyakama Paul

Conditions ensuring optimal parameter estimation in the presence of missing data are well established in inference, typically relying on the Missing-at-Random (MAR) assumption. In prediction, similar principles are often assumed to apply.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-19 Pierre Catoire , Robin Genuer , Cecile Proust-Lima

Decision making from data involves identifying a set of attributes that contribute to effective decision making through computational intelligence. The presence of missing values greatly influences the selection of right set of attributes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-07-23 M. Naresh Kumar

In Generalised Bayesian Inference (GBI), the learning rate and hyperparameters of the loss must be estimated. These inference-hyperparameters can't be estimated jointly with the other parameters, from the data, by giving them a prior.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-18 Jeong Eun Lee , Sitong Liu , Geoff K. Nicholls