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Kearns et al. [2018] recently proposed a notion of rich subgroup fairness intended to bridge the gap between statistical and individual notions of fairness. Rich subgroup fairness picks a statistical fairness constraint (say, equalizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-27 Michael Kearns , Seth Neel , Aaron Roth , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Ensuring fairness in machine learning is a critical and challenging task, as biased data representations often lead to unfair predictions. To address this, we propose Deep Fair Learning, a framework that integrates nonlinear sufficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-10 Enze Shi , Linglong Kong , Bei Jiang

Model fairness is an essential element for Trustworthy AI. While many techniques for model fairness have been proposed, most of them assume that the training and deployment data distributions are identical, which is often not true in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuji Roh , Kangwook Lee , Steven Euijong Whang , Changho Suh

Motivated by a plethora of practical examples where bias is induced by automated-decision making algorithms, there has been strong recent interest in the design of fair algorithms. However, there is often a dichotomy between fairness and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-13 April Niu , Agnes Totschnig , Adrian Vetta

We present a post-processing algorithm for fair classification that covers group fairness criteria including statistical parity, equal opportunity, and equalized odds under a single framework, and is applicable to multiclass problems in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ruicheng Xian , Han Zhao

We investigate the fairness issue in classification, where automated decisions are made for individuals from different protected groups. In high-consequence scenarios, decision errors can disproportionately affect certain protected groups,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-16 Bradley Rava , Wenguang Sun , Gareth M. James , Xin Tong

Machine learning algorithms may have disparate impacts on protected groups. To address this, we develop methods for Bayes-optimal fair classification, aiming to minimize classification error subject to given group fairness constraints. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-28 Xianli Zeng , Kevin Jiang , Guang Cheng , Edgar Dobriban

We propose a simple yet effective solution to tackle the often-competing goals of fairness and utility in classification tasks. While fairness ensures that the model's predictions are unbiased and do not discriminate against any particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Anique Tahir , Lu Cheng , Huan Liu

We study the problem of post-processing a supervised machine-learned regressor to maximize fair binary classification at all decision thresholds. By decreasing the statistical distance between each group's score distributions, we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kweku Kwegyir-Aggrey , A. Feder Cooper , Jessica Dai , John Dickerson , Keegan Hines , Suresh Venkatasubramanian

Fairness-aware machine learning has recently attracted various communities to mitigate discrimination against certain societal groups in data-driven tasks. For fair supervised learning, particularly in pre-processing, there have been two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jinwon Sohn , Guang Lin , Qifan Song

Fair clustering has traditionally focused on ensuring equitable group representation or equalizing group-specific clustering costs. However, Dickerson et al. (2025) recently showed that these fairness notions may yield undesirable or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Claire Jie Zhang , Seyed A. Esmaeili , Jamie Morgenstern

Research has shown that, machine learning models might inherit and propagate undesired social biases encoded in the data. To address this problem, fair training algorithms are developed. However, most algorithms assume we know…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Mustafa Safa Ozdayi , Murat Kantarcioglu , Rishabh Iyer

We study the problem of fair binary classification using the notion of Equal Opportunity. It requires the true positive rate to distribute equally across the sensitive groups. Within this setting we show that the fair optimal classifier is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-05 Evgenii Chzhen , Christophe Denis , Mohamed Hebiri , Luca Oneto , Massimiliano Pontil

The fair-ranking problem, which asks to rank a given set of items to maximize utility subject to group fairness constraints, has received attention in the fairness, information retrieval, and machine learning literature. Recent works,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Anay Mehrotra , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

We conduct an exploratory study that looks at incorporating John Rawls' ideas on fairness into existing unsupervised machine learning algorithms. Our focus is on the task of clustering, specifically the k-means clustering algorithm. To the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Stanley Simoes , Deepak P , Muiris MacCarthaigh

Algorithmic fairness plays an increasingly critical role in machine learning research. Several group fairness notions and algorithms have been proposed. However, the fairness guarantee of existing fair classification methods mainly depends…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-13 Puheng Li , James Zou , Linjun Zhang

As an important problem in modern data analytics, classification has witnessed varieties of applications from different domains. Different from conventional classification approaches, fair classification concerns the issues of unintentional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-25 Qing Ye , Weijun Xie

Fair top-$k$ selection, which ensures appropriate proportional representation of members from minority or historically disadvantaged groups among the top-$k$ selected candidates, has drawn significant attention. We study the problem of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Guangya Cai

There is a lack of consensus within the literature as to how `fairness' of algorithmic systems can be measured, and different metrics can often be at odds. In this paper, we approach this task by drawing on the ethical frameworks of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Daniel E. Rigobon

Group fairness metrics can detect when a deep learning model behaves differently for advantaged and disadvantaged groups, but even models that score well on these metrics can make blatantly unfair predictions. We present smooth prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Ivoline C. Ngong , Krystal Maughan , Joseph P. Near