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Translation quality evaluation plays a crucial role in machine translation. According to the input format, it is mainly separated into three tasks, i.e., reference-only, source-only and source-reference-combined. Recent methods, despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Yu Wan , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Haibo Zhang , Boxing Chen , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao

We present an alternative method of evaluating Quality Estimation systems, which is based on a linguistically-motivated Test Suite. We create a test-set consisting of 14 linguistic error categories and we gather for each of them a set of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Avramidis Eleftherios , Vivien Macketanz , Arle Lommel , Hans Uszkoreit

The overreliance on large parallel corpora significantly limits the applicability of machine translation systems to the majority of language pairs. Back-translation has been dominantly used in previous approaches for unsupervised neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Jiawei Wu , Xin Wang , William Yang Wang

Parallel corpora are indispensable for training neural machine translation (NMT) models, and parallel corpora for most language pairs do not exist or are scarce. In such cases, pivot language NMT can be helpful where a pivot language is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Raj Dabre , Aizhan Imankulova , Masahiro Kaneko , Abhisek Chakrabarty

Quality estimation aims to measure the quality of translated content without access to a reference translation. This is crucial for machine translation systems in real-world scenarios where high-quality translation is needed. While many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Yi-Lin Tuan , Ahmed El-Kishky , Adithya Renduchintala , Vishrav Chaudhary , Francisco Guzmán , Lucia Specia

This paper investigates the reference-less evaluation of machine translation for low-resource language pairs, known as quality estimation (QE). Segment-level QE is a challenging cross-lingual language understanding task that provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Archchana Sindhujan , Diptesh Kanojia , Constantin Orasan , Shenbin Qian

Inferring evaluation scores based on human judgments is invaluable compared to using current evaluation metrics which are not suitable for real-time applications e.g. post-editing. However, these judgments are much more expensive to collect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-07-09 Ibrahim Sabek , Noha A. Yousri , Nagwa Elmakky , Mona Habib

Machine translation systems achieve near human-level performance on some languages, yet their effectiveness strongly relies on the availability of large amounts of parallel sentences, which hinders their applicability to the majority of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-15 Guillaume Lample , Myle Ott , Alexis Conneau , Ludovic Denoyer , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

Current state-of-the-art Quality Estimation (QE) in machine translation relies on massive, proprietary LLMs, raising data privacy concerns. We demonstrate that smaller, open-source LLMs (<30B parameters) are a viable, cost-effective and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Kamil Guttmann , Zofia Fraś , Artur Nowakowski , Krzysztof Jassem

In this paper, we present our submission to the sentence-level MQM benchmark at Quality Estimation Shared Task, named UniTE (Unified Translation Evaluation). Specifically, our systems employ the framework of UniTE, which combined three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Keqin Bao , Yu Wan , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Wenqiang Lei , Xiangnan He , Derek F. Wong , Jun Xie

Gender bias in machine translation (MT) systems has been extensively documented, but bias in automatic quality estimation (QE) metrics remains comparatively underexplored. Existing studies suggest that QE metrics can also exhibit gender…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Giorgos Filandrianos , Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis , Wafaa Mohammed , Giuseppe Attanasio , Chrysoula Zerva

This paper discusses a new metric that has been applied to verify the quality in translation between sentence pairs in parallel corpora of Arabic-English. This metric combines two techniques, one based on sentence length and the other based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-02-13 Saad Alkahtani , Wei Liu , William J. Teahan

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has been proven to achieve impressive results. The NMT system translation results depend strongly on the size and quality of parallel corpora. Nevertheless, for many language pairs, no rich-resource parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Jinyi Zhang , Tadahiro Matsumoto

In this paper we present an approach for estimating the quality of machine translation system. There are various methods for estimating the quality of output sentences, but in this paper we focus on Na\"ive Bayes classifier to build model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-12-30 Rashmi Gupta , Nisheeth Joshi , Iti Mathur

Many machine translation models are trained on bilingual corpus, which consist of aligned sentence pairs from two different languages with same semantic. However, there is a qualitative discrepancy between train and test set in bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Jaehyo Yoo , Jaewoo Kang

Back-translation (BT) has become one of the de facto components in unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT), and it explicitly makes UNMT have translation ability. However, all the pseudo bi-texts generated by BT are treated equally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Jinliang Lu , Jiajun Zhang

Machine Translation (MT) and Quality Estimation (QE) perform well in general domains but degrade under domain mismatch. This dissertation studies how to adapt MT and QE systems to specialized domains through a set of data-focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Javad Pourmostafa Roshan Sharami

A major challenge in the practical use of Machine Translation (MT) is that users lack guidance to make informed decisions about when to rely on outputs. Progress in quality estimation research provides techniques to automatically assess MT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Nikita Mehandru , Sweta Agrawal , Yimin Xiao , Elaine C Khoong , Ge Gao , Marine Carpuat , Niloufar Salehi

From both human translators (HT) and machine translation (MT) researchers' point of view, translation quality evaluation (TQE) is an essential task. Translation service providers (TSPs) have to deliver large volumes of translations which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Serge Gladkoff , Irina Sorokina , Lifeng Han , Alexandra Alekseeva

Previous work suggests that performance of cross-lingual information retrieval correlates highly with the quality of Machine Translation. However, there may be a threshold beyond which improving query translation quality yields little or no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Bryan Zhang , Amita Misra
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