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This paper presents the design and development of multi-dialect automatic speech recognition for Arabic. Deep neural networks are becoming an effective tool to solve sequential data problems, particularly, adopting an end-to-end training of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-30 Abbas Raza Ali

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has benefited from advances in pretrained speech and language models, yet most systems remain constrained to monolingual settings and short, isolated utterances. While recent efforts in context-aware ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuchen Zhang , Haralambos Mouratidis , Ravi Shekhar

Code-switching speech recognition has attracted an increasing interest recently, but the need for expert linguistic knowledge has always been a big issue. End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) simplifies the building of ASR systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Ne Luo , Dongwei Jiang , Shuaijiang Zhao , Caixia Gong , Wei Zou , Xiangang Li

Code-Switching (CS) multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models can transcribe speech containing two or more alternating languages during a conversation. This paper proposes (1) a new method for creating code-switching ASR…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Kunal Dhawan , Dima Rekesh , Boris Ginsburg

Despite Arabic being one of the most widely spoken languages, the development of Arabic Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems faces significant challenges due to the language's complexity, and only a limited number of public Arabic ASR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Lilit Grigoryan , Nikolay Karpov , Enas Albasiri , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Boris Ginsburg

Code-switching describes the practice of using more than one language in the same sentence. In this study, we investigate how to optimize a neural transducer based bilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) model for code-switching…

Although Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have achieved human-like performance for a few languages, the majority of the world's languages do not have usable systems due to the lack of large speech datasets to train these models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Hemant Yadav , Sunayana Sitaram

End-to-end multilingual ASR has become more appealing because of several reasons such as simplifying the training and deployment process and positive performance transfer from high-resource to low-resource languages. However, scaling up the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Andros Tjandra , Nayan Singhal , David Zhang , Ozlem Kalinli , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Duc Le , Michael L. Seltzer

This paper reports on the semi-supervised development of acoustic and language models for under-resourced, code-switched speech in five South African languages. Two approaches are considered. The first constructs four separate bilingual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-09 Astik Biswas , Emre Yılmaz , Febe de Wet , Ewald van der Westhuizen , Thomas Niesler

Modeling code-switched speech is an important problem in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Labeled code-switched data are rare, so monolingual data are often used to model code-switched speech. These monolingual data may be more closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Andrew Slottje , Shannon Wotherspoon , William Hartmann , Matthew Snover , Owen Kimball

Thanks to the rise of self-supervised learning, automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems now achieve near-human performance on a wide variety of datasets. However, they still lack generalization capability and are not robust to domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Lucas Maison , Yannick Estève

Speech accents pose a significant challenge to state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Degradation in performance across underrepresented accents is a severe deterrent to the inclusive adoption of ASR. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Darshan Prabhu , Preethi Jyothi , Sriram Ganapathy , Vinit Unni

Dialectal Arabic (DA) speech data vary widely in domain coverage, dialect labeling practices, and recording conditions, complicating cross-dataset comparison and model evaluation. To characterize this landscape, we conduct a computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Peter Sullivan , AbdelRahim Elmadany , Alcides Alcoba Inciarte , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

We present Ara-BEST-RQ, a family of self-supervised learning (SSL) models specifically designed for multi-dialectal Arabic speech processing. Leveraging 5,640 hours of crawled Creative Commons speech and combining it with publicly available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Haroun Elleuch , Ryan Whetten , Salima Mdhaffar , Yannick Estève , Fethi Bougares

In previous works, only parameter weights of ASR models are optimized under fixed-topology architecture. However, the design of successful model architecture has always relied on human experience and intuition. Besides, many hyperparameters…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-28 Yi-Chen Chen , Jui-Yang Hsu , Cheng-Kuang Lee , Hung-yi Lee

In the FAME! Project, a code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for Frisian-Dutch speech is developed that can accurately transcribe the local broadcaster's bilingual archives with CS speech. This archive contains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Emre Yılmaz , Samuel Cohen , Xianghu Yue , David van Leeuwen , Haizhou Li

We propose a first step toward multilingual end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) by integrating knowledge about speech articulators. The key idea is to leverage a rich set of fundamental units that can be defined "universally"…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Hao Yen , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi , Chin-Hui Lee

Arabic is a complex language with many varieties and dialects spoken by over 450 millions all around the world. Due to the linguistic diversity and variations, it is challenging to build a robust and generalized ASR system for Arabic. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Abdul Waheed , Bashar Talafha , Peter Sullivan , AbdelRahim Elmadany , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (ASR) aims to transcribe speech that contains two or more languages accurately. To better capture language-specific speech representations and address language confusion in code-switching ASR, the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-10 He Wang , Xucheng Wan , Naijun Zheng , Kai Liu , Huan Zhou , Guojian Li , Lei Xie

Multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems mostly benefit low resource languages but suffer degradation in performance across several languages relative to their monolingual counterparts. Limited studies have focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Muhammad Umar Farooq , Thomas Hain