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Related papers: Attention Flows are Shapley Value Explanations

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The Shapley value provides a principled framework for fairly distributing rewards among participants according to their individual contributions. While prior work has applied this concept to data valuation in machine learning, existing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Zhuofan Jia , Jian Pei

The Shapley value is arguably the most central normative solution concept in cooperative game theory. It specifies a unique way in which the reward from cooperation can be "fairly" divided among players. While it has a wide range of real…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-14 Sasan Maleki , Long Tran-Thanh , Greg Hines , Talal Rahwan , Alex Rogers

Following the work of Lloyd Shapley on the Shapley value, and tangentially the work of Guillermo Owen, we offer an alternative non-probabilistic formulation of part of the work of Robert J. Weber in his 1978 paper "Probabilistic values for…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2019-05-13 Jacob North Clark , Stephen Montgomery-Smith

Shapley value-based data valuation methods, originating from cooperative game theory, quantify the usefulness of each individual sample by considering its contribution to all possible training subsets. Despite their extensive applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Ziao Yang , Han Yue , Jian Chen , Hongfu Liu

In this growing age of data and technology, large black-box models are becoming the norm due to their ability to handle vast amounts of data and learn incredibly complex data patterns. The deficiency of these methods, however, is their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Justin Lin , Julia Fukuyama

Originally rooted in game theory, the Shapley Value (SV) has recently become an important tool in machine learning research. Perhaps most notably, it is used for feature attribution and data valuation in explainable artificial intelligence.…

Flow-based generative models have shown an excellent ability to explicitly learn the probability density function of data via a sequence of invertible transformations. Yet, learning attentions in generative flows remains understudied, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Rhea Sanjay Sukthanker , Zhiwu Huang , Suryansh Kumar , Radu Timofte , Luc Van Gool

Workflow mining discovers hierarchical process trees from event logs, but it remains unclear why such models satisfy or violate logical properties, or how individual elements contribute to overall behavior. We propose to translate mined…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Radoslaw Klimek , Jakub Blazowski

Social intelligence, the ability to navigate complex interpersonal interactions, presents a fundamental challenge for language agents. Training such agents via reinforcement learning requires solving the credit assignment problem:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xiachong Feng , Yi Jiang , Xiaocheng Feng , Deyi Yin , Libo Qin , Yangfan Ye , Lei Huang , Weitao Ma , Yuxuan Gu , Chonghan Qin , Bing Qin , Lingpeng Kong

Continual learning enables neural networks to learn tasks sequentially without forgetting previously acquired knowledge. However, neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting, where learning new tasks degrades performance on earlier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Mohammad Ali Vahedifar , Abhisek Ray , Qi Zhang

As the decisions made or influenced by machine learning models increasingly impact our lives, it is crucial to detect, understand, and mitigate unfairness. But even simply determining what "unfairness" should mean in a given context is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Tom Begley , Tobias Schwedes , Christopher Frye , Ilya Feige

In this work, we propose a methodology for investigating the use of semantic attention to enhance the explainability of Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based models. Graph Deep Learning (GDL) has emerged as a promising field for tasks like scene…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Efimia Panagiotaki , Daniele De Martini , Lars Kunze

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in in-context learning, but verifying the correctness of their generated responses remains a challenge. Prior work has explored attribution at the sentence level, but these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yingtai Xiao , Yuqing Zhu , Sirat Samyoun , Wanrong Zhang , Jiachen T. Wang , Jian Du

Attribution scores reflect how important the feature values in an input entity are for the output of a machine learning model. One of the most popular attribution scores is the SHAP score, which is an instantiation of the general Shapley…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Santiago Cifuentes , Leopoldo Bertossi , Nina Pardal , Sergio Abriola , Maria Vanina Martinez , Miguel Romero

In Network games under cooperative framework, the position value is a link based allocation rule. It is obtained from the Shapley value of an associated cooperative game where the links of the network are considered players. The Shapley…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-08-08 Niharika Kakoty , Surajit Borkotokey , Rajnish Kumar , Abhijit Bora

Attention mechanisms are dominating the explainability of deep models. They produce probability distributions over the input, which are widely deemed as feature-importance indicators. However, in this paper, we find one critical limitation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Yibing Liu , Haoliang Li , Yangyang Guo , Chenqi Kong , Jing Li , Shiqi Wang

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in complex domains, however, the inherent black box nature of deep neural network policies raises significant challenges in understanding and trusting the decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Peilang Li , Umer Siddique , Yongcan Cao

Cooperative game is a critical research area in the multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Global reward game is a subclass of cooperative games, where all agents aim to maximize the global reward. Credit assignment is an important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jianhong Wang , Yuan Zhang , Tae-Kyun Kim , Yunjie Gu

Feature selection is the problem of selecting a subset of features for a machine learning model that maximizes model quality subject to a budget constraint. For neural networks, prior methods, including those based on $\ell_1$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Taisuke Yasuda , MohammadHossein Bateni , Lin Chen , Matthew Fahrbach , Gang Fu , Vahab Mirrokni

Over the past few decades, machine learning models have been extremely successful. As a result of axiomatic attribution methods, feature contributions have been explained more clearly and rigorously. There are, however, few studies that…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-15 Dangxing Chen , Yuan Gao