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Direct photon flow is measured by subtracting the contribution of decay photon flow from the measured inclusive photon flow via the double ratio $R_{\rm \gamma}$, which defines the excess of direct over decay photons. The inclusive photon…
Demonstrated for a digital image sensor based camera is a calibration target optimized method for finding the Camera Response Function (CRF). The proposed method uses localized known target zone pixel outputs spatial averaging and histogram…
Inconsistency in contrast enhancement can be used to expose image forgeries. In this work, we describe a new method to estimate contrast enhancement from a single image. Our method takes advantage of the nature of contrast enhancement as a…
Compound eyes found in insects provide intriguing sources of biological inspiration for miniaturized imaging systems. Inspired by such insect eye structures, we demonstrate an ultrathin arrayed camera enabled by a flat multilevel…
Angular filter refractometry is an optical diagnostic that measures absolute contours of line-integrated density gradient by placing a filter with alternating opaque and transparent zones in the focal plane of a probe beam, which produce…
Acquisition-to-acquisition signal intensity variations (non-standardness) are inherent in MR images. Standardization is a post processing method for correcting inter-subject intensity variations through transforming all images from the…
Image resolvability is the primary concern in imaging. This paper reports an estimation of the full width at half maximum of the point spread function from a Fourier domain plot of real sample images by neither using test objects, nor…
Detector counting rate nonlinearity, though a known problem, is commonly ignored in the analysis of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy where modern multichannel electron detection schemes using analog intensity scales are used. We…
We present two complementary algorithms suitable for using focal-plane measurements to control a wavefront corrector with an extremely high spatial resolution. The algorithms use linear approximations to iteratively minimize the aberrations…
Synthetic images are an option for augmenting limited medical imaging datasets to improve the performance of various machine learning models. A common metric for evaluating synthetic image quality is the Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID)…
Acquiring face images of sufficiently high quality is important for online ID and travel document issuance applications using face recognition systems (FRS). Low-quality, manipulated (intentionally or unintentionally), or distorted images…
Feature weighting is a technique used to approximate the optimal degree of influence of individual features. This paper presents a feature weighting method for Document Image Retrieval System (DIRS) based on keyword spotting. In this…
Different studies in x-ray microscopy have arrived at conflicting conclusions about the dose efficiency of imaging modes involving the recording of intensity distributions in the near (Fresnel regime) or far (Fraunhofer regime) field…
With the decreasing sizes of integrated-circuit components, the semiconductor industry is in growing need of high-throughput strain mapping techniques that offer high precision and spatial resolution, with desired industry goals of…
Recent advancements have extended the capabilities of coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) beyond surface topography measurement to reflectivity spectrum imaging. It is commonly accepted that the one-dimensional(1-D) Fourier magnitude of…
Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) can achieve quantitative phase imaging with a large space-bandwidth product by synthesizing a set of low-resolution intensity images captured under angularly varying illuminations. Determining accurate…
Pixel size in cameras and other refractive imaging devices is typically limited by the free-space diffraction. However, a vast majority of semiconductor-based detectors are based on materials with substantially high refractive index. We…
We present an in-depth analysis of the fiber assignment incompleteness in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 1 (DR1). This incompleteness is caused by the restricted mobility of the robotic fiber positioner in the…
Thick, fully depleted charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are known to exhibit non-linear behavior at high signal levels due to the dynamic behavior of charges collecting in the potential wells of pixels, called the brighter-fatter effect (BFE).…
Optical beam center position on an array of detectors is an important (hidden) parameter that is essential not only from a tracking perspective, but is also important for optimal detection of Pulse Position Modulation symbols in free-space…