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We introduce a novel methodology for testing stochastic black-box systems, frequently encountered in embedded systems. Our approach enhances the established black-box checking (BBC) technique to address stochastic behavior. Traditional BBC…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Junya Shijubo , Masaki Waga , Kohei Suenaga

This paper aims to develop a verification method for procedural programs via a transformation into Logically Constrained Term Rewriting Systems (LCTRSs). To this end, we extend transformation methods based on integer TRSs to handle…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Carsten Fuhs , Cynthia Kop , Naoki Nishida

Implementations of artificial neural networks (ANNs) might lead to failures, which are hardly predicted in the design phase since ANNs are highly parallel and their parameters are barely interpretable. Here, we develop and evaluate a novel…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Luiz Sena , Erickson Alves , Iury Bessa , Eddie Filho , Lucas Cordeiro

Statistical model checking (SMC) is a technique for analysis of probabilistic systems that may be (partially) unknown. We present an SMC algorithm for (unbounded) reachability yielding probably approximately correct (PAC) guarantees on the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Pranav Ashok , Jan Křetínský , Maximilian Weininger

These lecture notes aim at a post-Bachelor audience with a background at an introductory level in Applied Mathematics and Applied Statistics. They discuss the logic and methodology of the Bayes-Laplace approach to inductive statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2022-08-31 Henk van Elst

Model checking and automated theorem proving are two pillars of formal methods. This paper investigates model checking from an automated theorem proving perspective, aiming at combining the expressiveness of automated theorem proving and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-10-03 Ying Jiang , Jian Liu , Gilles Dowek , Kailiang Ji

Despite the tremendous advances that have been made in the last decade on developing useful machine-learning applications, their wider adoption has been hindered by the lack of strong assurance guarantees that can be made about their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-18 He Zhu , Zikang Xiong , Stephen Magill , Suresh Jagannathan

The language Timed Concurrent Constraint (tccp) is the extension over time of the Concurrent Constraint Programming (cc) paradigm that allows us to specify concurrent systems where timing is critical, for example reactive systems. Systems…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Moreno Falaschi , Alicia Villanueva

We propose a novel mechanism of defining data structures using intrinsic definitions that avoids recursion and instead utilizes monadic maps satisfying local conditions. We show that intrinsic definitions are a powerful mechanism that can…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Adithya Murali , Cody Rivera , P. Madhusudan

Many quantitative properties of probabilistic programs can be characterized as least fixed points, but verifying their lower bounds remains a challenging problem. We present a new approach to lower-bound verification that exploits and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Satoshi Kura , Hiroshi Unno , Takeshi Tsukada

In probabilistic program analysis, quantitative analysis aims at deriving tight numerical bounds for probabilistic properties such as expectation and assertion probability. Most previous works consider numerical bounds over the whole…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Tengshun Yang , Shenghua Feng , Hongfei Fu , Naijun Zhan , Jingyu Ke , Shiyang Wu

Transaction-level modeling with SystemC has been very successful in describing the behavior of embedded systems by providing high-level executable models, in which many of them have inherent probabilistic behaviors, e.g., random data and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Van Chan Ngo , Axel Legay

Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) bounds are widely used to derive probabilistic guarantees for the generalisation of machine learning models. They highlight the components of the model which contribute to its generalisation capacity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Thomas Walker , Alessio Lomuscio

We present a method for the automated verification of temporal properties of infinite state systems. Our verification method is based on the specialization of constraint logic programs (CLP) and works in two phases: (1) in the first phase,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Fabio Fioravanti , Alberto Pettorossi , Maurizio Proietti , Valerio Senni

Probabilistic model checking for systems with large or unbounded state space is a challenging computational problem in formal modelling and its applications. Numerical algorithms require an explicit representation of the state space, while…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Dimitrios Milios , Guido Sanguinetti , David Schnoerr

Probabilistic and set-based methods are two approaches for model invalidation, parameter and state estimation. Both classes of methods use different types of data, i.e. deterministic or probabilistic data, which allow different statements…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-11-28 Stefan Streif , Didier Henrion , Rolf Findeisen

We present an exact Bayesian inference method for inferring posterior distributions encoded by probabilistic programs featuring possibly unbounded loops. Our method is built on a denotational semantics represented by probability generating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Lutz Klinkenberg , Christian Blumenthal , Mingshuai Chen , Darion Haase , Joost-Pieter Katoen

Probabilistic programming is perfectly suited to reliable and transparent data science, as it allows the user to specify their models in a high-level language without worrying about the complexities of how to fit the models. Static analysis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Ryan Bernstein , Matthijs Vákár , Jeannette Wing

We consider a minimal extension of the language of arithmetic, such that the bounded formulas provably total in a suitably-defined theory \`a la Buss (expressed in this new language) precisely capture polytime random functions. Then, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Melissa Antonelli , Ugo Dal Lago , Davide Davoli , Isabel Oitavem , Paolo Pistone

We define an extension of lambda-calculus with dependents types that enables us to encode transparent and opaque probabilistic programs and prove a strong normalisation result for it by a reducibility technique. While transparent…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Francesco A. Genco