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Even when concepts similar to emergence have been used since antiquity, we lack an agreed definition. However, emergence has been identified as one of the main features of complex systems. Most would agree on the statement ``life is…

General Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Carlos Gershenson

Artificial life is a research field studying what processes and properties define life, based on a multidisciplinary approach spanning the physical, natural and computational sciences. Artificial life aims to foster a comprehensive study of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Manuel Baltieri , Hiroyuki Iizuka , Olaf Witkowski , Lana Sinapayen , Keisuke Suzuki

There has been on-going philosophical debate on whether artificial life models, also known as digital organisms, are truly alive. The main difficulty appears to be finding an encompassing and definite definition of life. By examining…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Yong Zher Koh , Maurice HT Ling

It is high time to openly and without finalism define the dangerous but needed term 'purposeful information', whose quantity is an Eigen information value. Using the term 'biological information' in its stead forces one into an…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2011-12-01 Andrzej Gecow

Creating autonomous, self-supporting, self-replicating, sustainable systems is a great challenge. To some extent, understanding life means not only being able to create it from scratch, but also improving, supporting, saving it, or even…

Robotics · Computer Science 2011-11-07 Serge Kernbach

Self-organization has been an important concept within a number of disciplines, which Artificial Life (ALife) also has heavily utilized since its inception. The term and its implications, however, are often confusing or misinterpreted. In…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-04-05 Carlos Gershenson , Vito Trianni , Justin Werfel , Hiroki Sayama

If human societies are so complex, then how can we hope to understand them? Artificial Life gives us one answer. The field of Artificial Life comprises a diverse set of introspective studies that largely ask the same questions, albeit from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Soo Ling Lim , Peter J. Bentley

Self-organization can be broadly defined as the ability of a system to display ordered spatio-temporal patterns solely as the result of the interactions among the system components. Processes of this kind characterize both living and…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-12-22 Carlos Gershenson , Vito Trianni , Justin Werfel , Hiroki Sayama

The metaphor of cities as organisms has a long history in urban planning, and a few urban modeling approaches have explicitly been linked to Artificial Life. We propose in that paper to explore the extent of Artificial Life and Artificial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Juste Raimbault

Digital life, a form of life generated by computer programs or artificial intelligence systems, it possesses self-awareness, thinking abilities, emotions, and subjective consciousness. Achieving it involves complex neural networks,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Qikang Zhang

One of the most important aims of the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence and artificial life is the design and construction of systems and machines as versatile and as reliable as living organisms at performing high level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-24 Hector Zenil

Cloud computing is the prevailing mode of designing, creating and deploying complex applications nowadays. Its underlying assumptions include distributed computing, but also new concepts that need to be incorporated in the different fields.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-10 Juan-Julián Merelo-Guervós

We develop a quantum information protocol that models the biological behaviors of individuals living in a natural selection scenario. The artificially engineered evolution of the quantum living units shows the fundamental features of life…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-16 U. Alvarez-Rodriguez , M. Sanz , L. Lamata , E. Solano

Artificial Life (ALife) as an interdisciplinary field draws inspiration and influence from a variety of perspectives. Scientific progress crucially depends, then, on concerted efforts to invite cross-disciplinary dialogue. The goal of this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 L. B. Soros , Alyssa Adams , Stefano Kalonaris , Olaf Witkowski , Christian Guckelsberger

Complex systems fail. I argue that failures can be a blueprint characterizing living organisms and biological intelligence, a control mechanism to increase complexity in evolutionary simulations, and an alternative to classical fitness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Lana Sinapayen

An object-oriented combinator chemistry was used to construct an artificial organism with a system architecture possessing characteristics necessary for organisms to evolve into more complex forms. This architecture supports modularity by…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Lance R. Williams

In living systems, we often see the emergence of the ingredients necessary for computation -- the capacity for information transmission, storage, and modification -- begging the question of how we may exploit or imitate such biological…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-09-11 Kristine Heiney , Gunnar Tufte , Stefano Nichele

"Composable Life" is a hybrid project blending design fiction, experiential virtual reality, and scientific research. Through a multi-perspective, cross-media approach to speculative design, it reshapes our understanding of the digital…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Botao Amber Hu , Fangting

Artificial Life provides the opportunity to study the emergence and evolution of simple ecosystems in real time. We give an overview of the advantages and limitations of such an approach, as well as its relation to individual-based modeling…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Adami

The evolution of complexity has been a central theme for Biology [2] and Artificial Life research [1]. It is generally agreed that complexity has increased in our universe, giving way to life, multi-cellularity, societies, and systems of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-09-06 Carlos Gershenson , Tom Lenaerts
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