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Recently, in-memory analog matrix computing (AMC) with nonvolatile resistive memory has been developed for solving matrix problems in one step, e.g., matrix inversion of solving linear systems. However, the analog nature sets up a barrier…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Lunshuai Pan , Pushen Zuo , Yubiao Luo , Zhong Sun , Ru Huang

In-memory computing (IMC) on a monolithic chip for deep learning faces dramatic challenges on area, yield, and on-chip interconnection cost due to the ever-increasing model sizes. 2.5D integration or chiplet-based architectures interconnect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Manvitha Pannala , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao

This review explores the intersection of bio-plausible artificial intelligence in the form of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) with the analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) domain, highlighting their collective potential for low-power edge…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Abhishek Moitra , Abhiroop Bhattacharjee , Yuhang Li , Youngeun Kim , Priyadarshini Panda

Triangles are the basic substructure of networks and triangle counting (TC) has been a fundamental graph computing problem in numerous fields such as social network analysis. Nevertheless, like other graph computing problems, due to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Xueyan Wang , Jianlei Yang , Yinglin Zhao , Xiaotao Jia , Rong Yin , Xuhang Chen , Gang Qu , Weisheng Zhao

Deep learning training involves a large number of operations, which are dominated by high dimensionality Matrix-Vector Multiplies (MVMs). This has motivated hardware accelerators to enhance compute efficiency, but where data movement and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Christopher Grimm , Naveen Verma

The neuromorphic BrainScaleS-2 ASIC comprises mixed-signal neurons and synapse circuits as well as two versatile digital microprocessors. Primarily designed to emulate spiking neural networks, the system can also operate in a vector-matrix…

Compute-in-memory (CIM) has shown significant potential in efficiently accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) at the edge, particularly in speeding up quantized models for inference applications. Recently, there has been growing interest…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zhiqiang Yi , Yiwen Liang , Weidong Cao

In-Memory Computing (IMC) introduces a new paradigm of computation that offers high efficiency in terms of latency and power consumption for AI accelerators. However, the non-idealities and defects of emerging technologies used in advanced…

This paper presents a programmable in-memory-computing processor, demonstrated in a 65nm CMOS technology. For data-centric workloads, such as deep neural networks, data movement often dominates when implemented with today's computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Hongyang Jia , Yinqi Tang , Hossein Valavi , Jintao Zhang , Naveen Verma

The attention mechanism is a key computing kernel of Transformers, calculating pairwise correlations across the entire input sequence. The computing complexity and frequent memory access in computing self-attention put a huge burden on the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ashkan Moradifirouzabadi , Divya Sri Dodla , Mingu Kang

In-memory computing (IMC) architecture emerges as a promising paradigm, improving the energy efficiency of multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations within DNNs by integrating the parallel computations within the memory arrays. Various…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zeyu Yang , Qingrong Huang , Yu Qian , Kai Ni , Thomas Kämpfe , Xunzhao Yin

With the widespread use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), machine learning algorithms have evolved in two diverse directions -- one with ever-increasing connection density for better accuracy and the other with more compact sizing for energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao

In-memory computing (IMC) has gained significant attention recently as it attempts to reduce the impact of memory bottlenecks. Numerous schemes for digital IMC are presented in the literature, focusing on logic operations. Often, an…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Simranjeet Singh , Ankit Bende , Chandan Kumar Jha , Vikas Rana , Rolf Drechsler , Sachin Patkar , Farhad Merchant

Bias-scalable analog computing is attractive for implementing machine learning (ML) processors with distinct power-performance specifications. For instance, ML implementations for server workloads are focused on higher computational…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Pratik Kumar , Ankita Nandi , Shantanu Chakrabartty , Chetan Singh Thakur

This research work proposes a design of an analog ReRAM-based PIM (processing-in-memory) architecture for fast and efficient CNN (convolutional neural network) inference. For the overall architecture, we use the basic hardware hierarchy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Sho Ko , Shimeng Yu

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) play a key role in deep learning applications. However, the large storage overheads and the substantial computation cost of CNNs are problematic in hardware accelerators. Computing-in-memory (CIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Syuan-Hao Sie , Jye-Luen Lee , Yi-Ren Chen , Chih-Cheng Lu , Chih-Cheng Hsieh , Meng-Fan Chang , Kea-Tiong Tang

Today's high-performance architectures are increasingly constrained by data movement latency and energy overhead, as the slowdown of single-core performance scaling coincides with the rise of highly data-intensive workloads. In-memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Farzad Razi , Mehran Moghadam , Sercan Aygun , M. Hassan Najafi , Marc Riedel

This paper presents an analysis of the fundamental limits on energy efficiency in both digital and analog in-memory computing architectures, and compares their performance to single instruction, single data (scalar) machines specifically in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Patrick Bowen , Guy Regev , Nir Regev , Bruno Pedroni , Edward Hanson , Yiran Chen

Edge devices equipped with computer vision must deal with vast amounts of sensory data with limited computing resources. Hence, researchers have been exploring different energy-efficient solutions such as near-sensor processing, in-sensor…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-24 Md Abdullah-Al Kaiser , Gourav Datta , Zixu Wang , Ajey P. Jacob , Peter A. Beerel , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

Designing lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) models is an active research area in edge AI. Compute-in-memory (CIM) provides a new computing paradigm to alleviate time and energy consumption caused by data transfer in von Neumann…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Wenyong Zhou , Yuan Ren , Jiajun Zhou , Tianshu Hou , Ngai Wong