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Mutual gravitational interactions between the five major Uranian satellites raise small quasi-periodic fluctuations on their orbital elements. At the same time, tidal interactions between the satellites and the planet induce a slow outward…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-12 Sérgio R. A. Gomes , Alexandre C. M. Correia

It is widely accepted that the large obliquity of Uranus is the result of a great tangential collision (GC) with an Earth size proto-planet at the end of the accretion. We attempt to constraint the GC scenario as the cause of Uranus'…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-01-10 Gabriela Parisi , Giovanni Carraro , Michele Maris , Adrian Brunini

It is generally accepted that the Moon accreted from the disk formed by an impact between the proto-Earth and impactor, but its details are highly debated. Some models suggest that a Mars-sized impactor formed a silicate melt-rich…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-18 Miki Nakajima , Jeremy Atkins , Jacob B. Simon , Alice C. Quillen

We simulate the hypothesised collision between the proto-Earth and a Mars-sized impactor that created the Moon. Amongst the resulting debris disk in some impacts, we find a self-gravitating clump of material. It is roughly the mass of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-09 Sergio Ruiz-Bonilla , Vincent R. Eke , Jacob A. Kegerreis , Richard J. Massey , Luis F. A. Teodoro

In this paper we present visible range light curves of the irregular Uranian satellites Sycorax, Caliban, Prospero, Ferdinand and Setebos taken with Kepler Space Telescope in the course of the K2 mission. Thermal emission measurements…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-07 A. Farkas-Takács , Cs. Kiss , A. Pál , L. Molnár , Gy. M. Szabó , O. Hanyecz , K. Sárneczky , R. Szabó , G. Marton , M. Mommert , R. Szakáts , T. Müller , L. L. Kiss

The Cassini spacecraft revealed the spectacular, highly irregular shapes of the small inner moons of Saturn, ranging from the unique "ravioli-like" forms of Pan and Atlas to the highly elongated structure of Prometheus. Closest to Saturn,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Adrien Leleu , Martin Jutzi , Martin Rubin

In this paper we investigate the formation of Uranus and Neptune, according to the core-nucleated accretion model, considering formation locations ranging from 12 to 30 AU from the Sun, and with various disk solid-surface densities and core…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ravit Helled , Peter Bodenheimer

Giant impacts refer to collisions between two objects each of which is massive enough to be considered at least a planetary embryo. The putative collision suffered by the proto-Earth that created the Moon is a prime example, though most…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-13 Mark C. Wyatt , Alan P. Jackson

The origin of Mercury's high iron-to-rock ratio is still unknown. In this work we investigate Mercury's formation via giant impacts and consider the possibilities of a single giant impact, a hit-and-run, and multiple collisions in one…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-10 Alice Chau , Christian Reinhardt , Ravit Helled , Joachim Gerhard Stadel

The outer giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, pose a challenge to theories of planet formation. They exist in a region of the Solar System where long dynamical timescales and a low primordial density of material would have conspired to make…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Edward W. Thommes , Martin J. Duncan , Harold F. Levison

The Neptunian satellite system is unusual, comprising Triton, a large ($\sim2700$ km) moon on a close-in, circular, yet retrograde orbit, flanked by Nereid, the largest irregular satellite ($\sim$300 km) on a highly eccentric orbit. Capture…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-07 Daohai Li , Apostolos A. Christou

Reproducing Uranus and Neptune remains a challenge for simulations of solar system formation. The ice giants' peculiar obliquities suggest that they both suffered giant collisions during their formation. Thus, there must have been an epoch…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-28 Andre Izidoro , Alessandro Morbidelli , Sean N. Raymond , Franck Hersant , Arnaud Pierens

The 27 satellites of Uranus are enigmatic, with dark surfaces coated by material that could be rich in organics. Voyager 2 imaged the southern hemispheres of Uranus' five largest 'classical' moons Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and…

Giant impacts were common in the early evolution of the Solar System, and it is possible that Venus also experienced an impact. A giant impact on Venus could have affected its rotation rate and possibly its thermal evolution. In this work,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-15 Mirco Bussmann , Christian Reinhardt , Cedric Gillmann , Thomas Meier , Joachim Stadel , Paul Tackley , Ravit Helled

We observe similar structures in the orbital radii of satellite and ring systems of Uranus, Jupiter and Neptune. This stimulates an investigation that the evolution of these systems and Saturn's system is initiated by a common mechanism…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-08 James C. Lombardi

The Earth's comparatively massive moon, formed via a giant impact on the proto-Earth, has played an important role in the development of life on our planet, both in the history and strength of the ocean tides and in stabilizing the chaotic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Sebastian Elser , Ben Moore , Joachim Stadel , Ryuji Morishima

Outer satellites of the planets have distant, eccentric orbits that can be highly inclined or even retrograde relative to the equatorial planes of their planets. These irregular orbits cannot have formed by circumplanetary accretion and are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Scott S. Sheppard

The four major satellites of Jupiter, known as the Galilean moons, and Saturn's most massive satellite, Titan, are believed to have formed in a predominantly gaseous circum-planetary disk, during the last stages of formation of their parent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-22 Thomas Ronnet , Anders Johansen

According to the giant impact theory, the Moon formed by accreting the circum-terrestrial debris disk produced by Theia colliding with the proto-Earth. The giant impact theory can explain most of the properties of the Earth-Moon system,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-15 Wenshuai Liu

Spacecraft and ground-based observations show that the main rings of Saturn lack particles larger than 10 m. Tidal or collisional destruction of satellites/comets have been proposed as the origin of the main rings; however, Saturn's tide…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-12 Naoyuki Hirata , Ryuji Morishima , Keiji Ohtsuki , Akiko M. Nakamura