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We report the implementation of universal two- and three-qubit entangling gates on neutral atom qubits encoded in long-lived hyperfine ground states. The gates are mediated by excitation to strongly interacting Rydberg states, and are…

In a recent work arXiv:2201.07655v2 we showed that there is a constant $\lambda >0$ such that it is possible to efficiently classically simulate a quantum system in which (i) qudits are placed on the nodes of a graph, (ii) each qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Sahar Atallah , Michael Garn , Yukuan Tao , Shashank Virmani

The success probability of a quantum algorithm constructed from noisy quantum gates cannot be accurately predicted from single parameter metrics that compare noisy and ideal gates. We illustrate this concept by examining a system with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Daniel C. Murphy , Kenneth R. Brown

It has recently been discovered that random quantum circuits provide an avenue to realize rich entanglement phase diagrams, which are hidden to standard expectation values of operators. Here we study (2+1)D random circuits with random…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-12-03 Ali Lavasani , Yahya Alavirad , Maissam Barkeshli

We describe a practical method of constructing quantum combinational logic circuits with basic quantum logic gates such as NOT and general $n$-bit Toffoli gates. This method is useful to find the quantum circuits for evaluating logic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jae-Seung Lee , Yongwook Chung , Jaehyun Kim , Soonchil Lee

Reversible or information-lossless circuits have applications in digital signal processing, communication, computer graphics and cryptography. They are also a fundamental requirement in the emerging field of quantum computation. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vivek V. Shende , Aditya K. Prasad , Igor L. Markov , John P. Hayes

To build a general-purpose quantum computer, it is crucial for the quantum devices to implement classical boolean logic. A straightforward realization of quantum boolean logic is to use auxiliary qubits as intermediate storage. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. M. Tsai , S. Y. Kuo

Arithmetic operations are an important component of many quantum algorithms. As such, coming up with optimized quantum circuits for these operations leads to more efficient implementations of the corresponding algorithms. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Priyanka Mukhopadhyay , Alexandru Gheorghiu , Hari Krovi

I give analytical estimates and numerical simulation results for the performance of Kitaev's 2d topological error-correcting codes. By providing methods for the execution of an encoded three-qubit Toffoli gate, I complete a universal gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Dennis

Since an n-qubit circuit consisting of CNOT gates can have up to $\Omega(n^2/\log{n})$ CNOT gates, it is natural to expect that $\Omega(n^2/\log{n})$ Toffoli gates are needed to apply a controlled version of such a circuit. We show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Isaac H. Kim , Tuomas Laakkonen

A proof is given, which relies on the commutator algebra of the unitary Lie groups, that quantum gates operating on just two bits at a time are sufficient to construct a general quantum circuit. The best previous result had shown the…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 David P. Divincenzo

Verifying the correct functioning of quantum gates is a crucial step towards reliable quantum information processing, but it becomes an overwhelming challenge as the system size grows due to the dimensionality curse. Recent theoretical…

We explore the implementation of pseudo-random single-qubit rotations and multi-qubit pseudo-random circuits constructed only from Clifford gates and the T-gate, a phase rotation of pi/4. Such a gate set would be appropriate for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Yaakov S. Weinstein

As quantum technology advances, the efficient design of quantum circuits has become an important area of research. This paper provides an introduction to the MCT quantum circuit design problem for reversible Boolean functions with the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Jihye Jung , Kevin Dalmeijer , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Quantum computation offers the potential to solve fundamental yet otherwise intractable problems across a range of active fields of research. Recently, universal quantum-logic gate sets - the building blocks for a quantum computer - have…

In this paper we show that it is possible to adapt a qudit scheme for creating a controlled-Toffoli created by Ralph et al. [Phys. Rev. A 75 011213] to be applicable to qubits. While this scheme requires more gates than standard schemes for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-23 Katherine L. Brown , Anmer Daskin , Sabre Kais , Jonathan P. Dowling

We analyze the multifractality of the fidelity in an engineered Toffoli gate. Using quantum control methods, we define several optimization problems whose global solutions realize the gate in a chain of three qubits with XY Heisenberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-03 Jalil Khatibi Moqadam , Guilherme S. Welter , Paulo A. A. Esquef

The simplest decomposition of a Toffoli gate acting on three qubits requires {\em five} 2-qubit gates. If we restrict ourselves to controlled-sign (or controlled-NOT) gates this number climbs to six. We show that the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. C. Ralph , K. J. Resch , A. Gilchrist

The circuit model of a quantum computer consists of sequences of gate operations between quantum bits (qubits), drawn from a universal family of discrete operations. The ability to execute parallel entangling quantum gates offers clear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-19 C. Figgatt , A. Ostrander , N. M. Linke , K. A. Landsman , D. Zhu , D. Maslov , C. Monroe

Most of the work on implementing arithmetic on a quantum computer has borrowed from results in classical reversible computing (e.g. [VBE95], [BBF02], [DKR04]). These quantum networks are inherently classical, as they can be implemented with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Phillip Kaye