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In this paper, we focus on learning low-dimensional embeddings for nodes in graph-structured data. To achieve this, we propose Caps2NE -- a new unsupervised embedding model leveraging a network of two capsule layers. Caps2NE induces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Dai Quoc Nguyen , Tu Dinh Nguyen , Dat Quoc Nguyen , Dinh Phung

Deciding whether a graph can be embedded in a grid using only unit-length edges is NP-complete, even when restricted to binary trees. However, it is not difficult to devise a number of graph classes for which the problem is polynomial, even…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-04-13 Vinícius G. P. de Sá , Guilherme D. da Fonseca , Raphael Machado , Celina M. H. de Figueiredo

Heterogeneous Information Network (HIN) embedding refers to the low-dimensional projections of the HIN nodes that preserve the HIN structure and semantics. HIN embedding has emerged as a promising research field for network analysis as it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Rayyan Ahmad Khan , Martin Kleinsteuber

Neural network models often face challenges when processing very small or very large numbers due to issues such as overflow, underflow, and unstable output variations. To mitigate these problems, we propose using embedding vectors for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hamidreza Sadeghi , Saeedeh Momtazi , Reza Safabakhsh

Embedding is a common technique for analyzing multi-dimensional data. However, the embedding projection cannot always form significant and interpretable visual structures that foreshadow underlying data patterns. We propose an approach that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Jie Li , Chun-qi Zhou

We propose a novel approach for learning node representations in directed graphs, which maintains separate views or embedding spaces for the two distinct node roles induced by the directionality of the edges. We argue that the previous…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Megha Khosla , Jurek Leonhardt , Wolfgang Nejdl , Avishek Anand

Node embeddings are a paradigm in non-parametric graph representation learning, where graph nodes are embedded into a given vector space to enable downstream processing. State-of-the-art node-embedding algorithms, such as DeepWalk and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jan Niklas Böhm , Marius Keute , Alica Guzmán , Sebastian Damrich , Andrew Draganov , Dmitry Kobak

Graph clustering, which aims to divide nodes in the graph into several distinct clusters, is a fundamental yet challenging task. Benefiting from the powerful representation capability of deep learning, deep graph clustering methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Yue Liu , Jun Xia , Sihang Zhou , Xihong Yang , Ke Liang , Chenchen Fan , Yan Zhuang , Stan Z. Li , Xinwang Liu , Kunlun He

We define a special network that exhibits the large embeddings in any class of similar algebras. With the aid of this network, we introduce a notion of distance that conceivably counts the minimum number of dissimilarities, in a sense,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-12-24 Tuğba Aslan , Mohamed Khaled , Gergely Székely

Whether embedding spaces use all their dimensions equally, i.e., whether they are isotropic, has been a recent subject of discussion. Evidence has been accrued both for and against enforcing isotropy in embedding spaces. In the present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Timothee Mickus , Stig-Arne Grönroos , Joseph Attieh

Network embedding has attracted an increasing attention over the past few years. As an effective approach to solve graph mining problems, network embedding aims to learn a low-dimensional feature vector representation for each node of a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Xiao Shen , Fu-Lai Chung

Inductive knowledge graph completion has been considered as the task of predicting missing triplets between new entities that are not observed during training. While most inductive knowledge graph completion methods assume that all entities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Jaejun Lee , Chanyoung Chung , Joyce Jiyoung Whang

Rapid development in numerical modelling of materials and the complexity of new models increases quickly together with their computational demands. Despite the growing performance of modern computers and clusters, calibration of such models…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-03-08 Tomáš Mareš , Eliška Janouchová , Anna Kučerová

Various neural network architectures rely on pooling operators to aggregate information coming from different sources. It is often implicitly assumed in such contexts that vectors encode epistemic states, i.e. that vectors capture the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Steven Schockaert

Spectral clustering refers to a family of unsupervised learning algorithms that compute a spectral embedding of the original data based on the eigenvectors of a similarity graph. This non-linear transformation of the data is both the key of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Nicolas Tremblay , Andreas Loukas

Low-dimensional embeddings, from classical spectral embeddings to modern neural-net-inspired methods, are a cornerstone in the modeling and analysis of complex networks. Recent work by Seshadhri et al. (PNAS 2020) suggests that such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Sudhanshu Chanpuriya , Cameron Musco , Konstantinos Sotiropoulos , Charalampos E. Tsourakakis

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved a lot of success with graph-structured data. However, it is observed that the performance of GNNs does not improve (or even worsen) as the number of layers increases. This effect has known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Yeskendir Koishekenov

Real-world information networks are increasingly occurring across various disciplines including online social networks and citation networks. These network data are generally characterized by sparseness, nonlinearity and heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Amina Amara , Mohamed Ali Hadj Taieb , Mohamed Ben Aouicha

Existing graph neural networks (GNNs) largely rely on node embeddings, which represent a node as a vector by its identity, type, or content. However, graphs with unattributed nodes widely exist in real-world applications (e.g., anonymized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Zeyu Sun , Wenjie Zhang , Lili Mou , Qihao Zhu , Yingfei Xiong , Lu Zhang

This work considers clustering nodes of a largely incomplete graph. Under the problem setting, only a small amount of queries about the edges can be made, but the entire graph is not observable. This problem finds applications in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Shahana Ibrahim , Xiao Fu